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  3. Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

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问题     Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accelerating shift of economic activity from Europe and North America to markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that 400 midsize emerging-market cities, many unfamiliar in the West, will generate nearly 40 percent of global growth over the next 15 years. The International Monetary Fund confirms that the ten fastest-growing economies during the years ahead will all be in emerging markets. Against this backdrop, continuing advances in information and communications technology have made possible new forms of international coordination within global companies and potential new ways for them to flourish in these fast-growing markets.
    There are individual success stories. IBM expects to earn 30 percent of its revenues in emerging markets by 2015, up from 17 percent in 2009. At Unilever, emerging markets make up 56 percent of the business already. And Aditya Birla Group, a multinational conglomerate based in India, now has operations in 40 countries and earns more than half its revenue outside India.
    But, overall, global organizations are struggling to adapt. A year ago, we uncovered a "globalization penalty": high-performing global companies consistently scored lower than more locally focused ones on several dimensions of organizational health. For example, the former were less effective at establishing a shared vision, encouraging innovation, executing "on the ground," and building relationships with governments and business partners. Equally arresting was evidence from colleagues in McKinsey’s strategy practice showing that global companies headquartered in emerging markets have been growing faster than counterparts headquartered in developed ones, even when both are operating on "neutral turf" emerging markets where neither is based (see "Parsing the growth advantage of emerging-market companies").
    Over the past year, we’ve tried to understand more clearly the challenges facing global organizations, as well as approaches that are helping some to thrive. Our work has included surveys and structured interviews with more than 300 executives at 17 of the world’s leading global organizations spanning a diverse range of sectors and geographies, a broader survey of more than 4,600 executives, and time spent working directly with the leaders of dozens of global organizations trying to address these issues.
    Clearly, no single organizational model is best for all companies handling the realities of rapid growth in emerging markets and round-the-clock global communications. That’s partly because the opportunities and challenges facing companies vary, depending on their business models. R&D-intensive companies, for example, are working to staff new research centers in the emerging world and to integrate them with existing operations. Firms focused on extracting natural resources are adapting to regulatory regimes that are evolving rapidly and sometimes becoming more interventionist. Consumer-oriented firms are facing sometimes-conflicting imperatives to tailor their businesses to local needs while maintaining consistent global processes.
The example of Aditya Birla Group is mentioned to show ______.
选项 A、its fierce international competition with Unilever
B、the increasing importance of emerging markets
C、the overall conditions of global organizations
D、the hard and declining economic conditions in India
答案B
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词Aditya Birla Group定位至第二段。该段开头提及这里有一些个体成功的案例，接着提到了埃迪亚贝拉集团等，联系案例和上文可推知，这些案例是为了说明新兴市场对经济发展的重要性，案例本身也提及该集团迄今已在40个国家开展业务，一半以上的收益来自印度之外。由此可推知B项与此相符，故为正确答案。原文虽提及联合利华，但并未提及其与埃迪亚贝拉集团之间激烈的国际竞争，故排除A项；由第二段开头“这里有一些个体成功的案例"可推知这些只是一些个例，并非代表跨国企业的整体状况，故排除C项；埃迪亚贝拉集团在国外的成功并不能推及印度国内艰巨而且日益萧条的经济状况，D项属于过度推断，故排除。
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