首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Are the Functions of Art? I. Context of functions — Artist Where and when His or her【T1】_____【T1】______ — Viewer
What Are the Functions of Art? I. Context of functions — Artist Where and when His or her【T1】_____【T1】______ — Viewer
admin
2017-12-07
17
问题
What Are the Functions of Art?
I. Context of functions
— Artist
Where and when
His or her【T1】_____【T1】______
— Viewer
What makes sense to you
II. Physical functions
— to perform some【T2】_____【T2】______
— Examples:
【T3】_____【T3】______
Japanese raku bowl
【T4】_____【T4】______
Crafts and industrial design
III. Social functions
— Address aspects of collective life
e.g. public art in 1930s in Germany and allied countries
—【T5】_____【T5】______
not merely to entertain
to【T6】_____【T6】______
to improve our collective existence
— Artistic forms that have social functions
Political art
A【T7】_____ Dada teacup: to protest World War I【T7】______
Art that depicts【T8】_____ conditions【T8】______
Realists and photographers
Satire
To ridicule and to【T9】_____【T9】______
To stop what is happening Fascination with grotesque
IV.【T10】_____【T10】______
— To Artists
To【T11】_____【T11】______
To feel gratified
Provide a(n)【T12】_____【T12】______
To entertain
To be meaningless
Exert control of time or season
Exert control of acquisition of food
Bring order
Create chaos
Therapeutic
【T13】_____ service【T13】______
Maintaining ourselves as a(n)【T14】_____【T14】______
— To Viewers
What have been described【T15】_____viewers as well【T15】______
【T13】
What Are the Functions of Art?
Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to touch upon the issue of functions of art. As we all know, our life is not without the existence of art. But what are the functions of art, anyway? In today’s lecture, I will first of all give you the context of functions of art and then I will explain personal function, social and physical functions of art.
First, let’s proceed with this caution: No piece of art can be "assigned" a function or functions, either in essay form or in casual conversation, if it isn’t first considered within the proper context. Trying to classify function depends on context. Ideally, one can look at a piece and know approximately where it came from and when. The best-case scenario includes identifying the artist, as well, because he/she is half of the contextual equation,[1]i.e. What was the artist thinking at the time he/she created this? You, the viewer, are the other half, i. e. What does this piece of art mean to you, living right now? These are all factors that should be considered before trying to assign functions. Besides, taking anything out of context can lead to misunderstanding, which is never a happy place to visit. That being said, the functions of art normally fall within three categories. These are personal, social or physical functions. These categories can, and often do, overlap in any given piece of art.
The physical functions of art are most easily dealt with.[2]Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions.[3]If you see a Fijian war club you may assume that, however wonderful the craftsmanship may be, it was created to perform the physical function of smashing skulls. A Japanese raku bowl is art that performs a physical function in the tea ceremony. Conversely, a fur-covered teacup from the Dada movement has no physical function.[4]Architecture, any of the crafts and industrial design are all types of art that have physical functions.
Thirdly, the social functions of art. Art has social functions when it addresses aspects of collective life, as opposed to one person’s point of view or experience. For example, public art in 1930s Germany had an overwhelming symbolic theme. Did this art exert influence on the German population? Decidedly so. As did political and patriotic posters in allied countries during the same period of time. Some artists are interested in the freedom to solve special problems of style or technique. Others use style and technique to express their social and political views.[5]They may speak of their artistic responsibility: art does not exist merely to entertain,[6]it must guide and instruct; it must improve our collective existence. Political art skewed to whatever message always carries a social function.[7]The fur-covered Dada teacup, useless for holding tea, carried a social function in that it protested World War I and nearly everything else in life.[8]Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions. The Realists figured this out early in the 19th century. Dorothea Lange and, indeed, many other photographers often photographed people in conditions we’d rather not think about. Additionally, satire performs social functions. Francisco Goya and William Hogarth both went this route, with varying degrees of success at enacting social change.[9]The social function of satire is to ridicule people and institutions so that they will change, or, at least, stop what they are doing. Satire has roots in our fascination with the grotesque, and making grotesque images of real or imagined people is a universal practice.
[10]Finally, the personal functions of art are the most difficult to explain in any great detail. There are many of them, and they vary from person to person.[11]An artist may create out of a need for self-expression, or gratification. He or she might have wanted to communicate a thought or point to the viewer.[12]Perhaps the artist was trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers. A piece might have been meant to "merely" entertain others. Sometimes a piece isn’t meant to have any meaning at all. This is vague, I know. The above is a great example of how knowing the artist can help one "cut to the chase" and assign functions. On a slightly loftier plane, art may serve the personal functions of control. Art has been used to attempt to exert magical control over time, or the seasons or even the acquisition of food. Art is used to bring order to a messy and disorderly world. Conversely, art can be used to create chaos when an artist feels life is too staid and ordinary. Art can also be therapeutic —for both the artist and the viewer.[13]Yet another personal function of art is that of religious service. Lots of examples for this, aren’t there?[14]Lastly, sometimes art is used to assist us in maintaining ourselves as a species. Biological functions would obviously include fertility symbols in any culture, but I would also invite scrutiny of the ways we adorn ourselves in order to be attractive enough to, well, mate. You, the viewer, are half of the equation in assigning function to art—as mentioned earlier.[15]These personal functions apply to you, as well as the artist. It all adds up to literally billions of variables when trying to figure out the personal functions of art.
All right, let me recap the four points required to describe "the functions of art":(1)context of functions,(2)personal functions,(3)social functions and(4)physical functions. I hope you will have a better and fresher understanding about art by now.
选项
答案
Religious
解析
本题继续考查艺术的个人功能的具体内容。题目中关键词service就是一个很好的提示。讲座提到,艺术的个人功能还有宗教服务。故填Religious。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/98sK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Althoughitisanylongerthebigbusinessthatitwasintheforties,radiocontinuestobeamediumofessentialcommunication
Youcanperformallthosefunctionsthatyouperformatpresentwithyourmobiledevicesbutofmuchhigherspeedthan【M1】______
Issuesconcerninghumanlearningareamongthecriticaltopicsineducationalpsychology,childdevelopment,andcognitivescie
Secondlanguageacquisitiontheoryseekstoquantifyhowandbywhatprocessesindividualsacquireasecondlanguage.Thepredom
TheNationalEcologicalObservatoryNetwork,fundedbyCongressfor$434million,willequip106U.S.siteswithsensorstogat
There’saschooloflinguisticsthatbelieveslanguagelearningbeginswitha"silentperiod".Justasbabieslearntoproduce
Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandgenderhaslongbeenofinterestwithinsociolinguisticsandrelateddisciplines.Early2
Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandgenderhaslongbeenofinterestwithinsociolinguisticsandrelateddisciplines.Early2
Aquartercenturyago,thesensationoftheseasonwasthechildren’sbookMasquerade,byBritishartistKitWilliams.Thisstor
随机试题
李白诗的独特风格是()
甲、乙二人按照3:7的份额共有一辆货车,为担保丙的债务,甲、乙将货车抵押给债权人丁,但未办理抵押登记。后该货车在运输过程中将戊撞伤。对此,下列哪一选项是正确的?(2016年卷三第8题)
[2005年,第9题]下列结论中,错误的是()。
所谓(),是指商业银行所接受的现金存款以及中央银行对商业银行的再贷款。
甲公司拥有A、B、C三家工厂,分别位于国内、美国和英国,假定各工厂除生产设备外无其他固定资产,2016年受国内外经济发展趋缓的影响,甲公司产品销量下降30%,各工厂的生产设备可能发生减值,该公司2016年12月31日对其进行减值测试,有关资料如下:(1)
京剧中的“大花脸”通常用铅粉涂白整脸,至少两颊,以墨勾出眉、眼等等,所属的行当是“净”。()
宏达公司管理人员的平均年薪为20万元,而销售人员的平均年薪是18万元,公司所有员工的平均年薪是12万元。如果以上信息是正确的,能够推出以下哪一项结论?()
①然而,监管执法的覆盖面毕竟有限,执法成本也相对较高②但这毕竟只是消极的自我保护,被侵犯的合法利益没有得到弥补,违法违规者也没有受到应有惩戒③过去,用脚投票是很多“小散”的无奈选择,“惹不起总还躲得起”④要从根本上保障小投资者的利益,固然要有强有力的
延长美国的学年,使它与欧洲和日本的相一致的建议经常会遭到这样的反对:削减学校的三个月的暑假将会违反已确立的可追溯到19世纪的美国传统。然而,这种反对却不得要领。确实,在19世纪,大多数的学校在夏季时都放假三个月,但这仅仅是因为在农村地区,成功的收割离不开孩
确定一个控件在窗体上的位置的属性是()。
最新回复
(
0
)