首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And y
admin
2016-03-10
31
问题
At the university where I teach, fewer and fewer new books are available from the library in their physical, printed form. And yet, the company that just published my textbook tells me that about 90 percent of students who buy my book choose to lug around the four-pound paper version rather than purchase the weightless e-book. So why would students opt for the pricier and more cumbersome version? Is the library missing something important about the nature of printed versus electronic books?
Cognitive research shows that the way we read varies widely in different settings, with text acting as a prompt for very different kinds of mental pursuits. While reading, it’s possible, among other things, to generate strong visual images based on the text, to marshal arguments against the author’s main point, to speculate about the motivations of characters, to connect the text to personal experiences, to form an opinion, or to notice the sensory and aesthetic qualities of the text, to name just a few. Not all of these take place every time you read, so there is not just one activity called "reading," done either poorly or well.
A growing body of research shows that the same information can trigger very different thoughts depending on the cognitive goals that people have in mind. Readers can be instructed to create vivid imagery or to learn over time to make deeper inferences, both of which lead to better retention of the material they’ve read. And when readers are told to form an impression of people they’re reading about rather than to read for the purpose of memorizing the text, they organize the information from the text less haphazardly and are able to recall more of it.
Cognitive goals can also be unintentionally triggered by cues that never even enter a reader’s awareness. So, just as people can be told to form an impression of a character they read about, they can also be prompted to unconsciously pursue the same goal. In one study, researchers asked people to unscramble sentences that contained words like evaluate, judgment, and personality before reading excerpts about a character. In another, these words were subliminally(潜意识地)flashed at subjects before they took part in the reading task. In both of these studies, simply seeing words related to the goal of character assessment affected readers in much the same way as asking them explicitly to judge character.
The emerging research on cognitive goals and their triggers offers an intriguing way to think about why reading the same text in different formats or even styles of presentation might engage the mind in such different ways. A hard-copy textbook—including its four-pound heft—may serve as a powerful cue that sets off cognitive activities that are very distinct from those that are involved in reading your Twitter feed or thumbing through a paperback romance novel. Through its lifelong associations with classrooms and the intellectual calisthenics(健美体操)that take place there, a physical tome may spark a self-analytical frame of mind, prompting you to take stock of your understanding, re-reading passages to fill in gaps, and constantly " testing" yourself on your mastery of the material.
The research should also motivate publishers—especially of online text—to think deeply about how elements of presentation and design can serve as signals to nudge the reader into the mental activities that do justice to the text. For example, an online literary mag that looks like a page from BuzzFeed may leave readers with limp, unsatisfying experiences simply because it’s too hard to arouse the contemplative and sensory goals that lead to properly savoring its content. The magazine needs to signal that a different kind of reading is called for, perhaps by borrowing some of the elements that poets have long used to cue readers to pay close attention to the language of a poem: stripping away graphic distractions, formatting text sparsely and unconventionally, and surrounding it with generous swaths of empty space.
Understanding how reading works means abandoning the idea that the presentation of a text is as inconsequential as whether a plate of food is served with a sprig of decorative parsley. In fact, the packaging of text likely contains rich implicit instructions for what we do with it.
What is the role of Paragraph 5 in relation to the preceding two paragraphs?
选项
A、It provides more supportive evidences.
B、It makes a summary and illustrates the point.
C、It serves as a transitional part to the next paragraph.
D、It introduces a new topic for discussion.
答案
B
解析
结构题。判断段落之间的关系,首先应总结各段主要内容。第三段分析有意识的阅读目标对阅读过程的影响;第四段分析无意识的阅读目标对阅读的影响;第五段首句指出阅读目的对阅读方式的影响,这是对前两段内容的总结,故答案为[B]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9B7O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
HowtoEnsureSurvivalintheCollegeDormLifeincollegedormcanbehard,especiallyforthefirst-years.HereShahJ.Ch
HowtoEnsureSurvivalintheCollegeDormLifeincollegedormcanbehard,especiallyforthefirst-years.HereShahJ.Ch
Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsf
ConsiderationsofLearning-centeredTeachingI.IntroductionA.goalofmostcourses:toenhancestudents’understanding—differ
Asmoreschoolsaresetuptoday,learningiscompulsory.ItisanOught,evenworse,aMust,enforcedbyregularhoursandrigi
OnaLosAngelesstreetcornerin2000,Iwasthe"insideman"inaclassiccongamecalledthepigeondrop.AmagiciannamedDa
BiancaSforzaattractedfewstareswhenintroducedtotheartworldonJanuary30,1998.Shewasjustaprettyfaceinaframet
Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsf
A、Positive.B、Negative.C、Indifferent.D、Tolerant.B本题设题点在对话问答处。采访者在句(6—1)中问道职场是否应该存在感情,被采访者在句(6—2)回答道,她认为不应该存在感情,紧接着在句(6—3)中强调不
A、Indifferent.B、Critical.C、Supportive.D、Oppositive.C本题设题点在观点态度处。根据句(8)可知,大卫的朋友提到去自己不想去的地方,即便是坐飞机的头等舱也不愿意去,大卫对此表示赞同,因此[C]为正确答
随机试题
A.肾盂肾炎的常见病因B.酸中毒大呼吸C.陈-施呼吸D.主动脉瓣关闭不全E.再生障碍性贫血全血细胞减少见于
A.无水乙醇B.50%以下的乙醇C.50%~70%乙醇D.70%~90%乙醇E.90%以上的乙醇适于浸提极性较大的黄酮类()
根据标准施工合同通用条款规定,下列解释合同的优先次序正确的是()。
下列各项中,不应计入产品生产成本的有()。
计算和判断单位经营成果及其盈利情况的依据主要有()。
会计档案原件原则上不得借出,如有特殊需要,须经会计机构负责人批准,在不拆散原卷册的前提下,可以提供查阅或者复制,并办理登记手续。()
()属于人员的非自愿流出。
所谓电子支付是指______。
关于因特网防火墙,下列叙述中错误的是()。
Afteracarefulexamination,thedoctor______anewmedicalandatwo-dayrestforthepatient.
最新回复
(
0
)