首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Element of Norms 1. Definition of norms 【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______ 2. Classifications of norms forma
The Element of Norms 1. Definition of norms 【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______ 2. Classifications of norms forma
admin
2016-11-21
32
问题
The Element of Norms
1. Definition of norms
【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______
2. Classifications of norms
formal
written down
【T2】______for punishment of violators【T2】______
【T3】______【T3】______
generally understood
【T4】______【T4】______
【T5】______: regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society【T5】______
folkways:【T6】______【T6】______
3.【T7】______【T7】______
not followed【T8】______【T8】______
【T9】______in some instances【T9】______
exceptions
【T10】______【T10】______
【T4】
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
(a thirty-second interval)
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
The Element of Norms
Good afternoon, everybody. Today we’ll go on with our discussion about "The Element of Norms".
What are norms? Norms can be defined as the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. Well, you know, all societies have ways of encouraging and enforcing what they view as appropriate behavior while discouraging and punishing what they consider to be improper conducts.
Now we’ll have a look at the types of norms. Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways. First, norms can be classified as formal and informal. Formal norms have generally been written down and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. Laws are an example of formal norms, because in a political sense, the law is the body of rules, made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the state. Besides, the requirements for a college major are also formal norms.
By contrast, informal norms are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are a common example of informal norms. Our society has no specific punishment or sanction if a student comes to college dressed quite differently from everyone else.
Second, norms are also classified by their relative importance to society. When classified this way, they are known as mores and folkways. Mores are norms that are regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most valuable principles of a people. Each society demands obedience to its mores, and violation can lead to severe penalties. For example, our society has strong mores against murder and treason. Folkways are norms governing everyday behavior whose violation raises relatively little concern. For example, walking up a " down" escalator in a department store challenges our standards of appropriate behavior, but it will not result in a fine or a jail sentence.
Now we’ll talk about the acceptance of norms. First, norms, whether mores or folkways, are not followed in all situations. For example, although smoking in public is forbidden, we often find people smoking in buses or other public places.
Second, norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. Take family violence for example. If you decide to intervene by calling the police, you are violating the norm of "mind your own business" or "don’t interfere with other family’s business" , while at the same time you are following the norm of assisting a victim of violence.
Then, even when norms do not conflict, there are always exceptions to any norm. The same action, under different circumstances, can cause one to be viewed either as a hero or as a villain. For example, Eavesdropping on telephone conversation is normally considered illegal or mean, but it can be done by the police to obtain valid evidence for a criminal trial.
Acceptance of norms is also subjected to change, as the political, economic, and social conditions of a culture are transformed. For example, under traditional norms, a woman was expected to marry, rear children, and remain at home if her husband could support the family. However, these norms have been changing in recent decades, and more and more women are ready to or encouraged to have her own career and support the family together with her husband.
To sum up, norms are established standards of behavior maintained by a society. They are distinguished in two ways, that is, formal or informal norms according to their formality, and mores and folkways according to their relative importance to society. People in a culture normally follow its norms, but acceptance of norms differs in different situations and social conditions.
That’s all. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
not precisely recorded
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9HJK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
MostpeopleknowtwothingsaboutCorsica;Napoleonwasbornhereanditwasthehauntofbandits.Thefirstiscorrect;thesec
Theinternationalspacestationisgettinganew,inflatableroomthatresemblesagiantsparetire,NASAannouncedonWednesday
Itmaybeoneoftheworld’sgreatshoppingdestinations,butLondon’sRegentStreetisfailingthefashiontest,accordingtot
DeltaGoodremsaysshe’slearntalotoverthepastfewyears.Butonelittlenuggetofwisdomshe’llbetakingwithherwhensh
She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tJustturn______onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.
Theoldmotherfeltworriedabouttheyoungcouplewhoalwayscouldn’tsee______onproblems.
Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthisti
Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthisti
Tom’swifewillalwaysstandbyhisside,______whatmay.
Accordingtothepassage,somejobapplicantswererejected______.
随机试题
按照《人民币利率管理条例》,金融机构有权确定哪些利率?
男性,62岁,反复咳嗽咳痰25年,每于冬季发作,静滴抗生素可缓解。查体:桶状胸,语音共振减弱,双肺叩诊过清音,肺下界下移且移动度变小,双肺可闻及湿啰音及哮鸣音。该患者可能出现的症状及体征是
与系统性红斑狼疮发病可能有关的是()。
2019年3月1日,赵某因涉嫌贪污被G县监察委员会立案调查,3门15日被留置。5月13日,G县监察委员会将赵某移送G县检察院审查起诉。关于本案的期间,下列哪一说法是正确的?()
思维很迅速,但是经常出错,这是()的表现。
波兹南事件
2005年,某市一家公司招聘应届研究生,所需专业是金融、德语,但明确要求不要女生。某大学金融专业的应届毕业的女研究生李某前去报考,但遭到该公司人事部有关人员的拒绝。李某认为该公司的做法侵犯了其应有的宪法权利,要求该公司纠正自己的行为。请根据宪法和
下列关于默认参数的叙述中,错误的是
Ifthereserverequirementratiowereequaltozero,then______.
A、Neitherofthemacceptsanyairwayletters.B、Theybothdelivermailstotheaddresseeinperson.C、BothrequirethattheAdvi
最新回复
(
0
)