首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Element of Norms 1. Definition of norms 【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______ 2. Classifications of norms forma
The Element of Norms 1. Definition of norms 【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______ 2. Classifications of norms forma
admin
2016-11-21
29
问题
The Element of Norms
1. Definition of norms
【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______
2. Classifications of norms
formal
written down
【T2】______for punishment of violators【T2】______
【T3】______【T3】______
generally understood
【T4】______【T4】______
【T5】______: regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society【T5】______
folkways:【T6】______【T6】______
3.【T7】______【T7】______
not followed【T8】______【T8】______
【T9】______in some instances【T9】______
exceptions
【T10】______【T10】______
【T4】
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
(a thirty-second interval)
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
The Element of Norms
Good afternoon, everybody. Today we’ll go on with our discussion about "The Element of Norms".
What are norms? Norms can be defined as the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. Well, you know, all societies have ways of encouraging and enforcing what they view as appropriate behavior while discouraging and punishing what they consider to be improper conducts.
Now we’ll have a look at the types of norms. Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways. First, norms can be classified as formal and informal. Formal norms have generally been written down and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. Laws are an example of formal norms, because in a political sense, the law is the body of rules, made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the state. Besides, the requirements for a college major are also formal norms.
By contrast, informal norms are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are a common example of informal norms. Our society has no specific punishment or sanction if a student comes to college dressed quite differently from everyone else.
Second, norms are also classified by their relative importance to society. When classified this way, they are known as mores and folkways. Mores are norms that are regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most valuable principles of a people. Each society demands obedience to its mores, and violation can lead to severe penalties. For example, our society has strong mores against murder and treason. Folkways are norms governing everyday behavior whose violation raises relatively little concern. For example, walking up a " down" escalator in a department store challenges our standards of appropriate behavior, but it will not result in a fine or a jail sentence.
Now we’ll talk about the acceptance of norms. First, norms, whether mores or folkways, are not followed in all situations. For example, although smoking in public is forbidden, we often find people smoking in buses or other public places.
Second, norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. Take family violence for example. If you decide to intervene by calling the police, you are violating the norm of "mind your own business" or "don’t interfere with other family’s business" , while at the same time you are following the norm of assisting a victim of violence.
Then, even when norms do not conflict, there are always exceptions to any norm. The same action, under different circumstances, can cause one to be viewed either as a hero or as a villain. For example, Eavesdropping on telephone conversation is normally considered illegal or mean, but it can be done by the police to obtain valid evidence for a criminal trial.
Acceptance of norms is also subjected to change, as the political, economic, and social conditions of a culture are transformed. For example, under traditional norms, a woman was expected to marry, rear children, and remain at home if her husband could support the family. However, these norms have been changing in recent decades, and more and more women are ready to or encouraged to have her own career and support the family together with her husband.
To sum up, norms are established standards of behavior maintained by a society. They are distinguished in two ways, that is, formal or informal norms according to their formality, and mores and folkways according to their relative importance to society. People in a culture normally follow its norms, but acceptance of norms differs in different situations and social conditions.
That’s all. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
not precisely recorded
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9HJK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
BecauseImarriedaphotographer,oncewehadchildren,ourholidaycardsofcoursebecamevehiclesfortheircutenessandhisc
______moreimportant,notonlythelostcitieswererecovered,butthenewcitieswerebuilt.
Mostpeoplewhogoonlinehavemainlypositiveexperience.But,【C1】______anyendeavor—traveling,cooking,orattendingschool—t
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Thanksinparttotechnologyanditsconstantsoundingandringing,roughly41millionpeopleintheUnitedStates—nearlyathir
Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthisti
Oneofthemostcommonhumanfearsisscarcity.Manypeopleareafraidofnothavingenoughofwhattheyneedorwant,andsoth
Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone______anopportunitytohearthespeech.
In2012LondonOlympicGames,negativecompetitionforthefinalgoldmedaloccurredinbadmintoncompetitions.Somebelievetha
随机试题
合资经营出口战略是指企业生产过程立足于国内,商品交换在国际市场上,产品满足国外顾客需求的战略。()
3岁小儿平均体重约为
属于巴洛克风格的广场是()。
当办事需要外国人护照时,地陪的正确做法是()。
【2016年上】康老师经常在班上开展“成语知识竞赛”“演讲赛”“辩论赛”等活动,营造运用语文知识的情境。康老师的做法有利于()。
《马关条约》
CSMA/CD以太网中,发生冲突后,重发前的退避时间最大是()。
不需要运行程序,通过收集有关代码的结构信息来对程序进行测试的是A)静态分析B)动态测试C)白盒测试D)黑盒测试
Whatisthewomandoingwhenthemaninterruptsher?
Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor【C1】______inyo
最新回复
(
0
)