2. 外语
  3. 孟子是中国古代一位著名的哲学家，其影响仅次于孔子。他小时候家住在墓地附近，耳濡目染的都是些有关丧葬礼仪的(funeral ceremony)的事情。孟母担心这里的环境对他的影响不好，于是就搬家了。新家靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖。孟母不愿自己的孩子长大成

孟子是中国古代一位著名的哲学家，其影响仅次于孔子。他小时候家住在墓地附近，耳濡目染的都是些有关丧葬礼仪的(funeral ceremony)的事情。孟母担心这里的环境对他的影响不好，于是就搬家了。新家靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖。孟母不愿自己的孩子长大成

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问题 孟子是中国古代一位著名的哲学家，其影响仅次于孔子。他小时候家住在墓地附近，耳濡目染的都是些有关丧葬礼仪的(funeral ceremony)的事情。孟母担心这里的环境对他的影响不好，于是就搬家了。新家靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖。孟母不愿自己的孩子长大成为一个商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，孟子就跟着学生学习诗书礼仪(etiquette)。孟母认为找到了理想的地方，于是决定在这里长住下去。由此可见，孟母意识到了环境对孩子成长的影响。
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答案Mencius, whose influence was second only to that of Confucius, was an eminent philosopher in ancient China. When he was young, his family lived near a cemetery, so he was fully exposed to funeral ceremonies. Mencius’ mother was worried that the surroundings would have a negative influence on him, so she decided to move. They moved to a place next to a fair, and Mencius began to learn the ways of business people. His mother didn’t want her son to become a businessman so they moved again. This time they moved into a house near a school, and Mencius began to learn the classics and etiquette along with the students. His mother thought this was the right place for him and decided to stay there for good. This shows that Mencius’ mother realized the importance of the environment for children’s growing up.
解析 1. 首句中的“仅次于”可译成be second only to或(rank)only second to／after。
2. 第二句中的“耳濡目染”翻译起来有一定的难度，英语中不容易找到直接对应的表达，需要采用意译的方法。“耳濡目染”就是指“听得多了，见得多了，自然而然地受到影响”，所以可以译为was fully exposed to，指受到了不良的影响。
3. 第四句中的“学着商人做买卖”可意译为learn the ways of business people；“做买卖”虽然略去未译，但是the ways of business people已经传达出了做买卖的意思。
4. 最后一句中的“环境对孩子成长的影响”可以译为the influence of the environment on children’s growing up，但是influence一词在参考译文中出现的次数太多，为避免重复，可译为the importance of the environment for children’s growing up。
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