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Birds that are literally half asleep—with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping— control which side of the brain rem

admin2016-03-05  29
问题     Birds that are literally half asleep—with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping— control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
    Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
    Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end of the row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companies. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.
    Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
    "We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain," the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection was accompanied, and the other eye stayed open.
    Useful as half sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
    Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep " is just the tip of the iceberg". He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to______.
选项 A、alert themselves to the approaching enemy
B、emerge from water now and then to breathe
C、be sensitive to the ever-changing environment
D、avoid being swept away by rapid currents
答案B
解析 根据第六段Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal tosurface occasionally to avoid drowning．可知一些水生的哺乳类动物在睡觉时也保持半个大脑的清醒，就为了浮上水面换气，以免把自己淹死，故B正确。
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