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  3. Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

admin2015-04-10  79
问题     Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other, how to integrate those who are already there.
    Whom, for example, to allow in? Already, many governments have realized that the market for top talent is global and competitive. Led by Canada and Australia, they are redesigning migration policies not just to admit, but actively to attract highly skilled immigrants. Germany, for instance, tentatively introduced a green card of its own several years ago for information-technology staff.
    Whereas the case for attracting the highly skilled is fast becoming conventional wisdom, a thornier issue is what to do about the unskilled. Because the difference in earnings is greatest in this sector, migration of the unskilled delivers the largest global economic gains. Moreover, wealthy, well-educated, ageing economies create lots of jobs for which their own workers have little appetite.
    So immigrants tend to cluster at the upper and lower ends of the skill spectrum. Immigrants either have university degrees or no high-school education. Mr. Smith’s survey makes the point: Among immigrants to America, the proportion with a postgraduate education, at 21%, is almost three times as high as in the native population; equally, the proportion with less than nine years of schooling, at 20%, is more than three times as high as that of the native-born.
    All this means that some immigrants do far better than others. The unskilled are the problem. Research by George Borjas, a Harvard University professor whose parents were unskilled Cuban immigrants, has drawn attention to the fact that the unskilled account for a growing proportion of America’s foreign-born. Newcomers without high-school education not only drag down the wages of the poorest Americans; their children are also disproportionately likely to fail at school.
    These youngsters are there to stay. "The toothpaste is out of the tube," says Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Centre for Immigration Studies. And their numbers will grow. Because the rich world’s women spurn motherhood, immigrants give birth to many of the rich world’s babies. Foreign mothers account for one birth in five in Switzerland and one in eight in Germany and Britain. If these children grow up underprivileged and undereducated, they will create a new underclass that may take many years to emerge from poverty.
    For Europe, immigration creates particular problems. Europe needs it even more than the United States because the continent is ageing faster than any other region. Immigration is not a permanent cure(immigrants grow old too), but it will buy time. And migration can "grease the wheels" of Europe’s sclerotic labour markets, argues Tito Boeri in a report published in July. However, thanks to the generosity of Europe’s welfare states, migration is also a sort of tax on immobile labour. And the more immobile Europeans are—the older, the less educated—the more xenophobic they are too.
The unskilled immigrants are the problem because
选项 A、most of them cannot find jobs.
B、crime rate among them is higher.
C、their children might be poorly educated.
D、they don’t control births of babies.
答案C
解析 没有技能的移民是问题所在，原因是[A]大部分没有技能的移民找不到工作。[B]没有技能的移民犯罪率更高。[C]没有技能的移民的孩子很可能无法接受良好的教育。[D]没有技能的移民不控制生育。根据第五、六段，没有技能的移民是问题所在，主要是因为他们没有受过良好的教育，不仅拉低美国本土最贫困人口的工资，而且他们的子女也极有可能完不成学业。而且他们的后代已经存在，数量还会增加。如果这些孩子在穷困的、没有良好教育的环境中长大成人，他们将创造出一个需要很多年才能走出贫困的新下层社会。[C]与这些意思相吻合，故是正确答案。[A]和[B]在文章中没提及；[D]与文章意思不符。
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