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  3. The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more

The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more

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问题     The huge earthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlier this year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threaten economic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanese archipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will take time. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over an economic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 after stalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are far less economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which suffered widespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster could heighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospects for Japan’s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession.
    Learning from the lessons of the devastating disaster in 1995 , the government and insurance companies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw up detailed " business continuity plans" intended to minimize losses and aid quick recoveries. In the longer terms, the earthquake is certain to force heavy spending on construction and public works in the affected region. The terrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear that dealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment.
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答案 今年年初，一场强地震重创了日本东北部宫城地区海岸。这场灾难触目惊心，提醒人们，一些更为基本的风险可能会威胁到人口稠密、易受地震冲击的日本列岛上的经济活动。衡量自然灾害的全面影响需要时间。不过，这场地震至少给日本经济复苏画上了一个巨大的问号——经济学家们原本期望，在2010年后三个季度陷入停滞后，复苏将于2011年的本季度到来。虽然受灾最严重地区在经济上的重要性远不及沿海工业区——在1995年神户地震之后，该地区遭受了大范围的发展停滞，这场灾难可能加重消费者和投资者心目中对日本经济能否走出战后最严重的衰退局面的不确定性。 由于吸取了1995年那场灾难的教训，日本政府和保险公司一直积极鼓励各家企业，甚至是一些小企业，拟定详细的“商业应急方案”，旨在最大程度地降低损失，并帮助它们迅速恢复。长期而言，这场地震势必导致受灾地区在基础设施建设和公共事业方面大举投入。那些海啸卷走整座建筑物的恐怖画面表明，减少损害将需要巨大的努力和大量资金的投入。
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