首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Beauty and Body Image in the Media A)Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from foo
Beauty and Body Image in the Media A)Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from foo
admin
2014-11-27
56
问题
Beauty and Body Image in the Media
A)Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’ s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.
B)Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women’s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.
C)The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion(U.S.)a year selling temporary weight loss(90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.
D)The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative(泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9-to-12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight."
E)Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea(慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel(which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.
F)Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’ s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women ’ s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’ s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’ s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies("How about wearing a sack?), and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.
G)There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck(抵制, 反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world’ s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.
H)Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled "A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Magazines" found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of color, overall white women were over-represented in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004.
I)The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kil-bourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women’ s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability "effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
For 6 years white women had been taking more space in mainstream women’ s magazines.
选项
答案
H
解析
信息明示题。题干:连续6年,白人女性都占据了主流女性杂志的大量篇幅。题干关键词6 years和mainstream women’s magazines。文中H段最后一句提到,从1999年到2004年,虽然有色妇女的代表在增加,但是主流杂志上大部分仍是白人女性。与题干符合,故选H。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9av7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Anewstudyshowsthatstudentslearnmuchbetterthroughanactive,iterative(反复的)processthatinvolvesworkingthroughtheirm
Anewstudyshowsthatstudentslearnmuchbetterthroughanactive,iterative(反复的)processthatinvolvesworkingthroughtheirm
Althoughtheenjoymentofcolorisuniversalandcolortheoryhasallkindsofnamestoit,colorremainsaveryemotionalands
ClimateChangeMayMakeInsect-BorneDiseasesHardertoControlClimatechangecaninfluencehowinfectiousdiseasesaffect
A、Ittakesnopainstodo.B、It’sdifficulttokeepdoingit.C、It’swonderfulandworthit.D、Ittakessomuchtime.C信息明示题。男士问
Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffects.Consumersmaybe【B1】______tobuyapro
IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecision-making.Whenthechildrenareoldenough,theytake
孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(JourneytotheWest)中的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧(TangMonk)第一个徒弟。其实在中国,他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”,而是“孙悟空”,这是教他72变的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启
Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’rewaytoosmartforadvertising.Youskiprightpastnewspaperads,neverclickonadsonlinea
UniversitiesBranchOutA)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitiona
随机试题
简述社会资本扩大再生产的实现过程和实现条件?
设l是曲线y=x2+3在点(1,4)处的切线,求由该曲线,切线l及Y轴围成的平面图形的面积S.
短效口服避孕药的主要作用机制为()
有关宫颈细胞学诊断结果及临床意义的概念,正确的是
下列哪项对中心静脉压的影响最小( )。
治疗肺炎球菌肺炎时,首选的抗菌药物是
根据下面资料回答问题。2007年矿产品价格指数的最大最小值相差()个百分点。
从倒计时100天到50天,从一个月到一个星期,世游赛的筹办工作一步一个脚印,如今已是_______。开赛在即,各大功能设施纷纷宣告_______。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是:
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases【C1】______the
帧中继网的虚电路建立在(58),与X.25相比,因为(59)从而在网上的延迟时间更小。这种网络没有流量控制功能,但增加了拥塞控制功能。如果沿着帧传送方向出现拥塞,则把帧地址字段的(60)位设置为1,这样接收方就可通过(61)协议要求发送方降低数据速率。最适
最新回复
(
0
)