首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in m
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in m
admin
2009-06-15
115
问题
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.(46). He agreed that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.
Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.(47). Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.
Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution, put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the dies tan past.(48). In Primitive Culture (1871), Tyler organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The golden bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces(magic),later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation(science).
The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1989), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.(49). This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.
Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.(50).
[A] German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India—the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology.
[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.
[C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths-like dreams-condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.
[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tyler.
[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths(instead of fabula, meaning "fable")to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.
[F] German scholar Karl Outfield mullet followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825.
选项
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9q2d777K
本试题收录于:
职称英语卫生类基础题库职称英语分类
0
职称英语卫生类基础
职称英语
相关试题推荐
Readthefollowingpassageanddecidewhichanswerbestfitseachspace.Forquestions26~45,markoneletterA,B,CorDo
Readthefollowingpassageanddecidewhichanswerbestfitseachspace.Forquestions26~45,markoneletterA,B,CorDo
Readthefollowingpassageanddecidewhichanswerbestfitseachspace.Forquestions26~45,markoneletterA,B,CorDo
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWar
Amulticulturalpersonissomeonewhoisdeeplyconvincedthatallculturesareequallygood.【R1】______Andmostlikelyhehasbe
1.WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingto
Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogetherthey
1.Alotofpeoplebelievethattelevisionhasaharmfuleffectonchildren.Afewyearsago,thesamecriticismsweremadeoft
Youmustanswerthisquestion.1.YourEnglishfriend,Bill,isatravelwriterandherecentlyvisitedatownwhichyouknowwe
Forhismostrecenttelevisionprogramme,John
随机试题
第一次彻底地提出反帝反封建的民主革命纲领是在( )。
证券交易所对A股和基金每日涨跌幅偏离值超过( )的前3只证券,要公布其成交金额最大的5家会员营业部或席位名称及其成交金额。
以相关者利益最大化作为财务管理目标的优点包括()。
()是作为一个有特定性别的人在社会中的适当行为的总和,是人的社会性的一个重要方面。
66,79,93,108,()
德国哲学家黑格尔认为,“绝对观念”先于自然界和人类社会而存在,自然界和人类社会是绝对观念外化或异化的结果。这种观点属于:
在科学界,我们希望论证中不出现任何“存在预设”。所谓存在预设,即预先设定命题中的主体存在。例如在“孙悟空有火眼金睛”这个命题中,并不预设孙悟空的存在,但在命题“有的花是红的”中,必须预设花的存在。牛顿第一运动定律,断定的是不受任何外力作用的物体必然保持静止
西周时期将惯犯称为()。
下图是数字信号处理器(DSP)的典型应用方式,其中的①、②和③分别是()。
下列4个关于C语言的结论中错误的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)