首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in m
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in m
admin
2009-06-15
90
问题
As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-Avesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.(46). He agreed that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.
Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.(47). Muller attributed all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena. For example, an expression like "maiden dawn" for "sunrise" resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.
Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution, put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the dies tan past.(48). In Primitive Culture (1871), Tyler organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages. Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The golden bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human beings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces(magic),later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation(science).
The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1989), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.(49). This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.
Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core-whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20th century, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.(50).
[A] German-born British scholar Max Muller concluded that the Rig-Veda of ancient India—the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology.
[B] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society.
[C] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths-like dreams-condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.
[D] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tyler.
[E] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottlob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths(instead of fabula, meaning "fable")to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.
[F] German scholar Karl Outfield mullet followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825.
选项
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/9q2d777K
本试题收录于:
职称英语卫生类基础题库职称英语分类
0
职称英语卫生类基础
职称英语
相关试题推荐
Amulticulturalpersonissomeonewhoisdeeplyconvincedthatallculturesareequallygood.【R1】______Andmostlikelyhehasbe
Therearemanydifferentreasonswhyfashionissuchapowerfulculturalandeconomicinfluenceindevelopedsocietiesatthebe
1.WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingto
Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogetherthey
Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogetherthey
ItiscommonforAmericanstohavedifferent"circlesoffriends"suchaschurchfriends,workfriends,orsportsfriends.【R1】__
1.Theprivatecarisassumedtohavewidenedourhorizonsandincreasedourmobility.Whenweconsiderourchildren’smobility,
1.Workingparentsandteachersseeafter-schoolprogramsnolongerasoptional,butasanessentialsupportforchildrenasthe
Youwillhearfivepeoplegivingreasonswhychildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowell.Beforeyoulisten,readthelistof
随机试题
8岁男孩,右小腿轻微外伤后发热5天,右小腿上端肿胀,剧痛,局部皮温高,肤色正常,白细胞计数25×109/L,X线片未见明显变化,局部穿刺,针达骨膜下时抽出黄色脓液,首先应考虑为
下列属于促进吸收增加疗效的是()。
具有法律地位的药品标准指的是()。
基础租金是业主获取的、与租户经营业绩不相关的一个最低收入。()
现有一蒸汽热网工程准备施工,其条件是:(1)在寒冷北方某城市露天敷设,回水为凝结水。(2)蒸汽压力P=1.8MPa,t=250℃,干管DN=600mm,3处支管DN=500mm。(3)管网要穿过一条道路,而且要穿越几堵围墙。(4)已进了几批钢
下列风险中,不属于市场风险的是()。
_________是指20世纪初期中国各地新式学校中音乐课程中大量传颂的一些原创歌曲。
在教育改革中,只有真正把学生看成学校生存之本,把促进学生发展看学校发展之本,才能真正让教育改革惠及每一名学生。由此可以推出
Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliteratewithoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedby
_____haswonthenameof"thefatherofAmericanliterature".
最新回复
(
0
)