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  3. 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

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问题 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系
——1993年英译汉及详解
【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.【F2】It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples.【F3】You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.【F4】And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere’ s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.【F5】Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
【F2】
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答案这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确。
解析 本句考查的重点是：上下文理解。 这是一个主从复合句。这句话与前文的联系紧密，因为这句话中的seales和balance都在前文中出现过，一种是a baker or a butcher所用，一种是a chemist所用。从常识可以知道面包师或卖肉者所用的一定是磅秤，而化学家所用的是更为精确的天平。本句中的in the one case，in the other(case)就是指被面包师或卖肉者和被化学家所用两种情况，翻译的时候可以适当作增补，以使意义清楚明了。所以It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other可以译成：这不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平。
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