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A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies

admin2022-06-29  129
问题     A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation are the most frequent complaints. But 13％ of them—roughly four a day—are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46％), strokes and other neurological problems (18％), and difficult breathing (6％).
    Let’s face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand—as much as 30％. Again, most people won’t notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you’ve recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if a medical device has been implanted in your body—a splint, a tracheotomy tube or a catheter—it could expand and cause injury.
    Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economy-class syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible.
    Whatever you do, don’t panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers’ aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them "good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators to treat heart attacks.
    Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 feet, or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you’ll probably do just fine. Having a doctor close by doesn’t hurt, either.
According to the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can result in________.
选项 A、heart attack
B、chest pain
C、stomach cramping
D、difficult breathing
答案C
解析 本题的关键词是the expansion of air in body cavities，定位到原文第二段第四句附近。原文第二段第四句提到了体腔内空气膨胀(air in body cavities to expand)，而接下来的三句话分别列出了这种现象可能导致的三种症状：胃痉挛(stomach cramping)、伤口裂开、植入体内的医疗器材膨胀，因此选项C “stomach cramping”是症状之一，属于相同含义，故正确。选项A、B属于主观推导，第二段第三句只是表明低气压可能会使有心脏病的乘客感到胸痛，但没有说明体腔内空气膨胀会造成心脏病或胸痛。选项D则属于答非所问，根据第一段第四句可知呼吸困难是飞行中最常见的重症紧急医疗情况之一，但是否由于体腔内空气膨胀引起并未提及。第二段：坐飞机可能给部分乘客带来身体不适甚至损伤。
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