首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learni
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learni
admin
2016-10-24
19
问题
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learning Sciences Lab at the National Institute of Education of Singapore. Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers and employers when introducing others to new knowledge—providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students or workers show that they can do it on their own — makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it’s better to let the neophytes wrestle with the material on their own for a while, refraining from giving them any assistance at the start. In a paper published earlier this year in The Journal of the Learning Sciences , Kapur and a co-author, Katerine Bielaczyc, applied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools in Singapore.
With one group of students, the teacher provided strong "scaffolding"—instructional support—and feedback. With the teacher’s help, these pupils were able to find the answers to their set of problems. Meanwhile, a second group was directed to solve the same problems by collaborating with one another, absent any prompts from their instructor. These students weren’t able to complete the problems correctly. But in the course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about what potential solutions would look like. And when the two groups were tested on what they’d learned, the second group "significantly outperformed" the first.
The apparent struggles of the floundering group have what Kapur calls a "hidden efficacy": they lead people to understand the deep structure of problems, not simply their correct solutions. When these students encounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they’re able to transfer the knowledge they’ve gathered more effectively than those who were the passive recipients of someone else’s expertise.
In the real world, problems rarely come neatly packaged, so being able to discern their deep structure is a key. But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter how often Silicon Valley entrepreneurs praise the salutary effects of an idea that flops or a start-up that crashes and burns. So, he says, we need to "design for productive failure" by building it into the learning process. Kapur has identified three conditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle. First, choose problems to work on that "challenge hut do not frustrate." Second, provide learners with opportunities to explain and elaborate on what they’re doing. Third, give learners the chance to compare and contrast good and bad solutions to the problems. And to those students and workers who protest this tough-love teaching style: you’ll thank me later.
The word "neophytes" in paragraph 2 means
选项
A、teachers
B、employers
C、entrepreneurs
D、beginners
答案
D
解析
第二段的neophytes是指初学者。第二段末尾说,让初学者在一段时间内独立地应付学习材料更好,在一开始不要给他们任何帮助。at the start让人想起biginners(初学者,新手),它与neophytes的意思相同。另外,neophytes中的neo一是个构词成分,有new(新)的意思。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/A3GO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Iseemtohavereachedarathergloomyconclusion,butIthinkthatsomethingcheerfulmaystillbederived______it.
Thepoliceareinvestigatinghow$20millionwasillegally______outofthebankaccount.
MostspeakersarenotusingthesecondlanguagealongsidethefirstAoneonadailybasis—instead,theinfluenceonthesecondl
Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay______fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.
Itisno______thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceofalcohol.
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlangu
Chemistrydidnotemergeas:scienceuntilafterthescientificrevolutionin17thcenturyandthenonlyratherslowlyandlabor
Solvingaproblemcanbebrokenintoseveralsteps.First,theproblemmustbeidentifiedcorrectly.Psychologistsrefer【C1】____
Arroganceandpridearesimilarinmeaning,butthereisa(n)______differencebetweenthem.
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ReduceWasteonCampus.Youshouldwriteatle
随机试题
人类学习与动物学习具有本质的区别,主要表现是()
肺部叩诊音在哪种情况下容易发生改变()
26岁,初产妇,39周因规律宫缩伴阵发性胎动频繁5小时入院。检查:胎动及宫缩后胎心突然变慢。肛查:胎头高浮,宫口开大3cm,胎膜未破,估计胎儿体重3400~3500g,孕妇左侧卧位及抬高臀部时胎心迅速恢复正常,骨盆测量正常。此孕妇最适宜的分娩时机和分娩
租期越长,租金水平可能越低,因此业主尽量避免签订长期租约。()
税收是财政收入的主要来源,我国税收收入占财政收入的()左右。
上市公司公积金的来源有()。
根据金融企业财务制度的规定,反映商业银行经营状况的指标主要有流动比率、资本风险比率和固定资本比率等,而金融企业的经营成果也有一套计算与分析指标。()是指企业逾期贷款与银行所有者权益之间的比率。
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分。B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分。C.条件(1)和(2)单独不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分。D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)充分。E.条件(1)和(2)单独都
股票市场分析家总是将股市的暴跌归咎于国内或国际的一些政治事件的影响。根据是二者显示出近似的周期性。如果这种见解能够成立的话,我们完全有理由认为,股市的起落和月球的运转周期有关,正是它同时也造成周期性的政局动乱和世界事务的紧张,如同它引起周期性的潮汐一样。以
Whatisthepurposeoftheletter?Tobook______forholiday.Wherehasthewriterfinallydecidedtogoforholiday?To____
最新回复
(
0
)