2. 外语
  3. The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared i

The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared i

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问题     The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s【C1】______ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence(生活资料), and that this difference【C2】______ population size and the ability to adequately meet the【C3】______ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally " produces a fundamental struggle for【C4】______ , in which some flourish at the【C5】______ of others.
    Charles Darwin’s most important contribution【C6】______ the field of biology, described in his work, On the Origin of Species, was to【C7】______Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own【C8】______ of the process of "evolution"—the notion that different forms of life develop【C9】______ from a common ancestry(祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin【C10】______that the factors of " the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms【C11】______ which evolution is based. In this sense, then, Darwin introduced the possibility【C12】______ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are【C13】______central to human social existence.
    A number of more contemporary social thinkers were【C14】______ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to【C15】______ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century. Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a【C16】______ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural【C17】______of conflict and survival of the fittest to his notion of social evolution,【C18】______ William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist, saw the【C19】______ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental【C20】______ in the quality of human social life overall.
【C14】
选项 A、charged
B、roused
C、promoted
D、influenced
答案D
解析 动词辨义。根据句意，许多当代的社会思想家继承(continue)了达尔文的观点，那么在continue之前与之并列的动词应该为influence“影响”，因为后来的学者肯定是要受到前人的影响，才能在前人的基础上继续发展，故答案为influenced。
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大学英语四级

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