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  3. Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

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问题     Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that【1】a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who【2】recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no【3】or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain【4】while completing a task that could【5】either reward or punishment.
【6】with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had【7】neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward.【8】, the high-risk girls showed no【9】in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in【10】past experiences to assist learning.
    The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area【11】receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time【12】information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.
    "Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed【13】reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically【14】in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression,【15】they have not yet experienced a depressive【16】," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. "【17】, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations【18】in this study during the processing of【19】and losses are associated with the【20】onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
选项 A、reinforcing
B、improving
C、weakening
D、slacking
答案A
解析 本句是复杂的长句。前半句是主句，后半句是定语从句，对大脑部位the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex加以说明。根据对前半句的分析，患病风险高的女孩之所以没有反应是因为此部位的作用是“强化”以前的经历以辅助学习，因此[A] reinforcing为正确答案。过去的经历是不能改善的，故排除[B] improving。“淡化或减弱”过去的经历不会对学习有帮助，故排除[C] weakening。[D] slacking用法举例：Business is slacking just now．目前生意萧条不振。  
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