首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival
admin
2013-01-25
46
问题
"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) —had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant "Muses’ shrine".
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems—often antique engraved ones—as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.
At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not" collected "either, but "site-specific" , and were considered an integral part beth of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them—and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century .fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation. And so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early" inspirational" collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary "modern" works were also added to such galleries.
In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived; the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Muses des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century .museum funding took off .allied to the rise of flew wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of "improving "collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.
Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were______.
选项
A、collected from elsewhere.
B、made part of the buildings.
C、donated by people.
D、bought by churches.
答案
B
解析
文章指出,在神庙、宫殿和城堡里的油画和雕塑不是独立的,而是作为建筑结构的一个组成部分。第四段they were not“collected”either,but“site-specific”,and were considered an integral part beth of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them--and most of the buildings were public ones.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AG1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
YourlittlebrotherJameshaswonthefirstprizeattheEnglishSpeechCompetition,anditispleasuretowriteacongratulatio
Thelittlegirlisignorant____thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.
WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClin
It’softenhardtoseeyourmistakesasyou’remakingthem.Whenitcomestolivingarrangements,ahumdingerisbeingmadeinth
BynowDadwassixty-five,andwhatlittleleniencehemayoncehavepossessedhadlongsincehardenedinto_____inflexibility.
Thiswatchis____toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.
Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder_______oflaw.
ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.CalledtheMai
Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto________awholevarietyoftasks.
____ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.
随机试题
顾客是产品质量的最终裁判者,这体现了______的基本价值观()
设备信息管理系统中的进度控制子系统应实现的基本功能包括()。
乙型肝炎血清学检测中.常用二对半指标,是指
按照资本资产定价模型,影响特定股票预期收益率的因素有( )。
我国股份有限公司发行境内上市外资股一般采取()方式。
采用差异化战略的组织采取的人力资源管理措施应当是()。
在城市的旅游吸引体系中,旅游发展的软环境是()。
简述小学生品德发展的基本特征。
(2009年上半年)(10)不是虚拟局域网VLAN的优点。
Itisasuccessinsofarasmorewomenretaintheiryouthfulappearancetoagreateragethaninthepast."Oldladies"area
最新回复
(
0
)