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  3. All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

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问题         All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Frances Arnold won in 2018, for chemistry, and Donna Strickland received the 2018 Nobel Prize in physics.
        Strickland was only the third female physicist to get a Nobel following Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer 60 years later. When asked how that felt, she noted that at first it was surprising to realize so few women had won the award, "But, I mean, I do live in a world of mostly men, so seeing mostly men doesn’t really ever surprise me either."
        The rarity of female Nobel laureates raises questions about women’s exclusion from education and careers in science. Female researchers have come a long way over the past century. But there’s overwhelming evidence that women remain underrepresented in the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering and math.
        Studies have shown those who persist in these careers face explicit and implicit barriers to advancement. Bias is most intense in fields that are predominantly male where women lack a critical mass of representation and are often viewed as tokens or outsiders.
        Traditional stereotypes hold that women "don’t like math" and "aren’t good at science." Both men and women report these viewpoints, but researchers have empirically disputed them. Studies show that girls and women avoid STEM education not because of cognitive inability, but because of early exposure and experience with STEM, educational policy, cultural context, stereotypes and a lack of exposure to role models.
        For the past several decades, efforts to improve the representation of women in STEM fields have focused on countering these stereotypes with educational reforms and individual programs that can increase the number of girls entering and staying in what’s been called the STEM pipeline—the path from K-12 to college to postgraduate training.
        These approaches are working. Women are increasingly likely to express an interest in STEM careers and pursue STEM majors in college. Women now make up half or more of workers in psychology and social sciences and are increasingly represented in the scientific workforce, though computer and mathematical sciences are an exception.
        More women are graduating with STEM Ph. D. s and earning faculty positions. But they encounter glass cliffs and ceilings as they advance through their academic careers. They face a number of structural and institutional barriers in academic STEM careers.
        In addition to issues related to the gender pay gap, the structure of academic science often makes it difficult for women to get ahead in the workplace and to balance work and life commitments. Bench science can require years of dedicated time in a laboratory. The strictures of the tenure-track process can make maintaining work-life balance, responding to family obligations, and having children or taking family leave difficult, if not impossible.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
选项 A、Females avoid choosing STEM fields, because they think they are less capable.
B、Women have started pursuing STEM majors in colleges and in career.
C、The increase of women workers is not the case in computer and mathematical science.
D、Education has played a helpful role in changing people’ s stereotypes.
答案A
解析 细节题。题干：根据文章，以下哪一项表述是不正确的?答案需要选择与文中内容不符的选项，该题可根据选项中的关键词定位文章，然后采用排除法作答。A项“女性避免选择科学、技术、工程和数学领域，因为她们认为自己能力不足”，关键词是avoid choosing STEM fields，定位到文章第五段中的“Studies show that girls and women avoid STEM education not because of cognitive inability，but because of early exposure and experience with STEM，educational policy，cultural context，stereotypes and a lack of exposure to role models. (研究表明，女孩和妇女避免接受STEM教育不是因为认知能力低下，而是由于受早期对STEM的接触和经历、教育政策、文化背景、固有观念及缺乏与榜样的接触等影响)”，由此可知，女性回避STEM是因为固有观念、教育政策、文化背景等原因，而不是能力不足，A项表述错误。B项“女性已经开始在大学和职业生涯中追求STEM专业”，关键词是pursuing STEM majors in colleges，定位到倒数第三段中的“Women are increasingly likely to express an interest in STEM careers and pursue STEM majors in college.(女性越来越多地表达对STEM职业的兴趣，并在大学里攻读STEM专业)”，B项正确。C项“在计算机和数学科学中，女性工作者(的数量)并没有像其他领城一样增加”，关键词in computer and mathematical science，定位到倒数第三段中的“Women now make up half or more of workers in psychology and social sciences and are increasingly represented in the scientific workforce，though computer and mathematical sciences are an exception.(现在，女性的数量在心理学和社会科学领城中占一半或更多，并且将来会越来越多，尽管在计算机和数学科学领域并非这样)”，由此可知，在计算机和数学科学领城中女性占比依旧很少，C项正确。D项“教育在改变人们的固有观念方面发挥了有益的作用”，关键词是changing people’s stereotypes. ，通过同义替换countering these stereotypes定位到第六段第一句“For the past several decades，efforts to improve the representation of women in STEM fields have focused on countering these stereotypes with educational reforms and individual programs…在过去几十年里，提高妇女在STEM领域代表性的努力侧重于通过教育改革和个人项目来消除这些固有观念……)”结合下一段第一句可知，这种方式是起作用的，也就是教育改革等方式使人们的固有观念得到了一定的改变，D项正确。因为本题要求选表达不正确的选项，故本题选A。
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