首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made; there is no abs
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made; there is no abs
admin
2011-01-17
112
问题
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and
false statements can be made; there is no absolute truth, though there may be
many "relative truths". Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only
Line that we ever know, in the sense of establishing for certain, whether a
(5) statement made by us is absolutely true or false, for the grounds of what is
accepted as true themselves require grounds, thus initiating an infinite regress
of justification. In supplement, Hume noted that reports of experience,
observation and experiment, do not conclusively justify any prediction
concerning the future or more generally the unobserved, even if they are held
(10) to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves. This may be
regarded as skepticism about induction, the principal by which Bacon famously
warranted inference from the known into the unknown. When we abandon the
dream of conclusive justification, Hume argued, we must become all the more
skeptical about opinions supported only by experience. Modern skeptics relish
(15) especially this second discovery of Hume’s: that there exist no grounds
whatever, conclusive or inconclusive, for anything that we claim to be certain
of.
Hume’s argument is indeed open to question, though we ought not assume
too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism. Even if skepticism is
(20) correct, his argument does not concede anything to relativism, for skepticism
does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine
that all rational opinion is justified opinion. The level-headed skeptic, the
critical rationalist, does not doubt that there is truth to be had, but thinks that
it may be had only by making a lucky guess. If one judges that there is life
(25) elsewhere in the galaxy, and the other judges the opposite, then one of them
has hit on a fragment of the truth.
Remorseless though the logic is, it is at this point that reasonable people
ask in incredulity: can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is
simply a more widely accepted form of study of UFOs, dianetics, and similar
(30) unseemly charlatanism? Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by
observation and experiment, and have no more claim on our credulity, than the
fancies of pseudo-scientists. But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses,
its observations, and its experiments, for from the point of view of rationality,
science is above the critical method of searching for errors. What is wrong with
(35) pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses, not the
hypotheses themselves, though if they are designed to be unassailable and
unfalsifiable, then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain.
Consequently, though a hypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is
preferable to a hypothesis that dies, it does not become a better hypothesis
(40) through being tested.
The author mentions "study of UFOs, dianetics" (line 29) most likely in order to
选项
A、give an example of schools of belief that fail to make sufficiently truthful predictions
B、cite sciences which have failed to gain popular support by making unpopular predictions
C、identify superstitions whose predictive strength is inexplicably consistent
D、provide cases of schools of belief whose predictions lack firm evidence
E、gain authoritative support for the notion that that a universal suspension of belief may be warranted
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ARjO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Itisvery______ofyoutoarrangeanearlymeetingbetweenyourbossandourteam.
Whathesaidwasquite______,therefore,Iwoulddoeverythingtohelphim.
Virgowasreleasedfromprison______thesuccessfuleffortsofhisfriendstoprovehisinnocence.
Theoldideathatchildprodigies"burnthemselves"or"overtaxtheirbrains"intheearlyyears,therefore,arepreytofailure
Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’t
Whatmakesthespaceshuttle______________isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.
Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.
Thefollowingdatasufficiencyproblemsconsistofaquestionandtwostatements,labeled(1)and(2),inwhichcertaindataare
StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealtocopewiththee
Distinguishedarchitecturerequirestheexpenditureoflargesumsofmoney,evenifitisbynomeanscertainthattheexpenditu
随机试题
旅游产品
钙拮抗药临床主要用于:
下列关于心脏瓣膜的叙述,哪一项是错误的:
患者,女性,29岁。有慢性萎缩性胃炎病史,长期偏食,以素食为主。近1年来,食欲不振、乏力、心悸气短。体检发现有口角炎,舌质绛红呈“牛肉样舌”,肝脾轻度肿大。该患者最可能的诊断是
周女士,49岁,肝硬化伴食管静脉曲张,入院前4h大量呕吐鲜血,总量约1000ml,伴头晕、乏力、心悸,出冷汗,由120急诊人院。入院后,检查发现患者呼吸22次/分,血压40/20mmHg,脉细弱。护士应为患者安置什么体位并说明其原因?
患者,男性,30岁,坠楼造成高位截瘫,由家人长期护理,营养不良后发生骶尾部压疮而入院治疗。入院查体,压疮外观创口4~6cm,潜行性囊腔约15cm×10cm,有臭味。术后供皮区如无感染,可在术后几天换药
下列项目属于增值税征税范围的有()。
阅读下面材料,回答问题。2008年.陕西省全省粮食生产喜获丰收,粮食播种面积4852.1万亩,较上年增长4.4%,总产量稳定增加:果业生产再上新台阶,园林水果总产量突破1000万吨大关。以下说法错误的是:
Itisdifficulttogiveadescriptionof【C1】______becausetheyvaryfromstatetostateandcitytocity.Sometownsallowth
A、Returnsomebooks.B、ReadMatthew’sbooks.C、Gohome.D、Leaveclassearly.AW:WillyoupleasereturnthesebookstoMattheww
最新回复
(
0
)