2. 外语
  3. Answer questions by referring to Chinese paintings. Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any o

Answer questions by referring to Chinese paintings. Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any o

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问题     Answer questions by referring to Chinese paintings.
    Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.
    A = A rock painting
    B =Painting of beauties
    C = Landscape painting
    D = New Year painting
    Which painting says that…
A
A rock painting
    Paintings or engravings found on precipitous cliffs in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou in Southwest China; Fujian in East China and Mount Yinshan in Inner Mongolia; Altai in China’s extreme west and Heihe in the far north, are even more ancient. Strong visual effects characterize the bright red cliff paintings in southern China that depict scenes of sacrificial rites, production activities and daily life. In comparison, hunting, animal grazing, wars and dancing are the main themes of cliff paintings in northern China. Before paper was invented, the art of silk painting had been developing. The earliest silk painting was excavated from the Mawangdui Tomb in central China of the Warring States Period (476～221 B.C.). Silk painting reached its artistic peak in the Western Hah Dynasty (206 B.C.～A.D. 25). Following the introduction of Buddhism to China during the first century from India, and the carvings on grottoes and temple building that ensued, the art of painting religious murals gradually gained prominence.
B
Painting of beauties
    The Tang Dynasty (618～907) witnessed the prosperity of figure painting, where the most outstanding painters were Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang. Their paintings, depicting the life of noble women and court ladies, exerted an eternal influence on the development of shi nu hua (painting of beauties), which comprise an important branch of traditional Chinese painting today.
    Beginning in the Five Dynasties (907～960), each dynasty set up an art academy that gathered together the best painters throughout China. Academy members, who were on the government payroll and wore official uniforms, drew portraits of emperors, ’nobles and aristocrats that depicted their daily lives. The system proved conducive to the development of painting. The succeeding Song Dynasty (960～1127) developed such academies into the Imperial Art Academy.
C
Landscape painting
    During the Yuan Dynasty (1271～1368) the "Four Great Painters"—Huang Gongwang, Ni Zan, Wei Zhen and Wang Meng—represented the highest level of landscape painting. Their works immensely influenced landscape painting of the Ming (1368～1644) and Qing (1644～1911) dynasties. The Ming Dynasty saw the rise of the Wumen Painting School, which emerged in Suzhou on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Keen to carry on the traditions of Chinese painting, the four Wumen masters blazed new trails and developed their own unique styles. When the Manchus came to power in 1644, the then-best painters showed their resentment to the Qing (1644～1911) court in many ways. The "Four Monk Masters"—Zhu Da, Shi Tao, Kun Can and Hong Ren—had their heads shaved to demonstrate their determination not to serve the new dynasty, and they soothed their sadness by painting tranquil nature scenes and traditional art. Yangzhou, which faces Suzhou across the Yangtze River, was home to the "Eight Eccentrics", the eight painters all with strong characters, proud and aloof, who refused to follow orthodoxy. They used freehand brushwork and broadened the horizon of flower-and-bird painting. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Shanghai, which gave birth to the Shanghai Painting School, had become the most prosperous commercial city and a gathering place for numerous painters. Following the spirit of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, the Shanghai School played a vital role in the transition of Chinese traditional painting from a classical art form to a modern one. The May 4th Movement of 1919, or the New Culture Movement, inspired the Chinese to learn from western art and introduce it to China. Many outstanding painters, led by Xu Beihong, emerged, whose paintings recognized a perfect merging of the merits of both Chinese and Western styles, absorbing western classicism, romanticism and impressionism. Other great painters of this period include Qi Baishi, Huang Binhong and Zhang Daqian. Oil painting, a western art, was introduced to China in the 17th century and gained popularity in the early 20th century. In the 1980s Chinese oil painting boomed.
D
New Year painting
    Then came popular folk painting—Chinese New Year pictures pinned up on doors, room walls and windows on the Chinese New Year to invite heavenly blessings and ward off disasters and evil spirits—which dates back to the Qin and Hah dynasties. Thanks to the invention of block printing, folk painting became popular in the Song Dynasty and reached its zenith of sophistication in the Qing. Woodcuts have become increasingly diverse in style, variety, theme and artistic form since the early 1980s.
选项 A、 
B、 
C、 
D、 
答案B
解析 本题问的是哪种画是"画上层阶级的日常生活的"?在B部分文中提到"Beginning in the Five Dynasties，each dynasty set up an art academy that gathered together the best painters throughout China．Academy members，who were on the government payroll and wore official uniforms，drew portraits of emperors，nobles and aristocrats that depicted their daily lives"．是为皇帝，贵族做画的，因此选B。
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