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  3. You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

admin2022-08-26  7
问题     You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live one in your bedroom. Why is that? Facial expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication, but in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.
    Susskind’s team wondered whether the characteristic expressions of fear—eyes wide open, eyebrows raised and mouth agape—might improve how sensory information is acquired and so increase alertness. Conversely disgust—with the face all squeezed up—might blunt the senses, shielding us from unpleasant sights and smells.
    The researchers asked subjects to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one they had to identify when a spot entered their field of view. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen.
    How much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust was also measured.
    In each case the wide-eyed Home Alone (the movie series starring Macaulay Culkin) face let significantly more of the world in. Subjects with wide-open eyes detected peripheral objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without exerting any extra effort. An Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan showed the nasal cavity was enlarged while subjects held this expression, which the team suggest could be linked with a greater ability to absorb odors.
    "These changes are consistent with the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards vigilance, and disgust a posture towards sensory rejection," says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance. "What was nice was the number of different ways they got at this question," says Elizabeth Phelps at New York University. "They were very creative." She thinks the work could open up a whole new way of thinking about facial expressions.
Elizabeth Phelps would most probably agree that
选项 A、researchers on facial expressions are always creative.
B、the brain can use extra information to enhance performance dramatically.
C、people are likely to renew their knowledge of facial expressions.
D、the function of the brain will be changed by facial expressions.
答案C
解析 根据Elizabeth Phelps定位到第五段。伊丽莎白表示这项工作能为面部表情的研究开辟一条全新的途径，故选C项。伊丽莎白的确指出对面部表情问题的探究非常有创造性，但她评论的主体对象是苏斯金德团队的那个新的研究思路，故A项中的researchers及always把范围扩大了；大脑能在多大程度上利用额外信息提高其运作能力是尚待研究的，因此B中dramatically属无根据的信息，伊丽莎白也不可能同意该观点，故B错；D项提到的是大脑的功能将会因面部表情而改变，而原文中提到的只是研究大脑运作能力在多大程度上会因此加强，故D项与原文背道而驰了。
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