2. 外语
  3. There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

admin2012-07-17  101
问题     There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.
    In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for as sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
    An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
    In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage?
选项 A、To outline contrasting types of economic system.
B、To explain the science of economic systems.
C、To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D、To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
答案A
解析 文中第一段就开门见山地阐明了本文的主题：“一个独立的经济单位同另一个独立的经济单位发生相互作用的方式有不同种类。三种基本的方式也许可以被描述为市场体制、行政体制和传统体制。”在文章后三段中作者分别对这三种体制的经济原则进行了说明。由此我们可以得出本文的主题就是讨论三种不同的经济体制。故选项A正确。
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