首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In place of the king, two chief executives were chosen annually by the whole body of citizens. These were known as praetors, or
In place of the king, two chief executives were chosen annually by the whole body of citizens. These were known as praetors, or
admin
2010-03-25
40
问题
In place of the king, two chief executives were chosen annually by the whole body of citizens. These were known as praetors, or leaders, but later received the title of consuls. The participation of a colleague in the exercise of supreme power and the limitation of the tenure to one year prevented the chief magistrate from becoming autocratic. The character of the Senate was altered by the enrollment of plebeian members, known as conscripti, and hence the official designation of the senators thereafter was patres conscripti (conscript fathers). As yet, only patricians were eligible for the magistracies, and the discontent of the plebs led to a violent struggle between the two orders and the gradual removal of the social and political disabilities under which the plebs had labored.
In 494 BC a secession of plebeian soldiers led to the institution of the tribuni plebis, who were elected annually as protectors of the plebs; they had the power to veto the acts of patrician magistrates, and thus served as the leaders of the plebs in the struggles with the patricians. The appointment of the decemvirate, a commission of ten men, in 451 BC resulted in the drawing up of a famous code of laws. In 445 BC, under the Canuleian law, marriages between patricians and members of the plebs were declared legally valid. By the Licinian-Sextian laws, passed in 367 BC, it was provided that one of the two consuls should thenceforth be plebeian. The other magistracies were gradually opened to the plebs: in 356 BC the dictatorship, an extraordinary magistracy, the incumbent of which was appointed in times of great danger; in 350 BC, the censorship; in 337 BC, the praetorship; and in 300 BC, the pontifical and augural colleges.
These political changes gave rise to a new aristocracy, composed of patrician and wealthy plebeian families, and admission to the Senate became almost the hereditary privilege of these families. The Senate, which had originally possessed little administrative power, became a powerful governing body, dealing with matters of war and peace, foreign alliances, the founding of colonies, and the handling of the state finances. The rise of this new nobilitas brought to an end the struggles between the two orders, but the position of the poorer plebeian families was not improved, and the marked contrast between the conditions of the rich and the poor led to struggles in the later Republic between the aristocratic party and the popular party.
The external history of Rome during this period was chiefly military. Rome had acquired the leadership of Latium before the close of the regal period. Assisted by their allies, the Romans fought wars against the Etruscans, the Volscians, and the Aequians. The military policy of Rome became more aggressive in the 60 years between 449 and 390 BC. The defeat of the Romans at Allia and the capture and burning of Rome by the Gauls under the leadership of the chieftain Brennus in 390 BC were great disasters, but their effect was temporary. The capture of the Etruscan city of Veil in 396 BC by the soldier and statesman Marcus Furius Camillus spelled the beginning of the end for Etruscan independence. Other Etruscan cities hastened to make peace, and by the middle of the 4th century BC all southern Etruria was kept in check by Roman garrisons and denationalized by an influx of Roman colonists. Victories over the Volscians, the Latins, and the Hernicans gave the Romans control of central Italy and brought them into conflict with the Samnites of southern Italy, who were defeated in a series of three wars, extending from 343 to 290 BC. A revolt of the Latins and Volscians was put down, and in 338 BC the Latin League, a long-established confederation of the cities of Latium, was dissolved. A powerful coalition was at this time formed against Rome, consisting of Etruscans, Umbrians, and Gauls in the north, and of Lucanians, Bruttians, and Sanmites in the south; this coalition endangered the power of Rome, but the northern confederacy was defeated in 283 BC and the southern states soon after
The political changes led to ______.
选项
A、new governing components
B、a more powerful senate
C、the appearance of two different parties
D、all of the above
答案
D
解析
详见第3段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AhqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Becausetheytrydangerousactstocatchpeople’sattention.B、Becausetheyshoutandyellsotheirvoicesbecomeshoarse.C、B
Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimeelapses,however,thenumbersa
TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassum
Thewaywecontactwitheachotherischanging;emailisboththecatalystandinstrumentofthattremendousandsurprisingchan
A、Wehavetousestrongdrugsbecausethispilldoesn’twork.B、Thispillalleviatesthepain,sowedon’tneedtousestronger
Allherlife,MrsFosterhadhadanalmostpathologicalfearofmissingatrain,aplane,aboat,orevenatheatercurtain.In
It’s3am,pitchdarkandyoucan’tsleep.Howcanyousurvivethenextdayafterbeingawakesolongthenightbefore?Difficul
A、Nooneperformedtheweddingceremony.B、Thenewcouplegotmarriedwithoutacar.C、Aministermarriedthecoupleoutsideac
A、Ourfirstsupplywillinduceourcustomerstoplacemoreregularordersinthefuture.B、Ourcustomershaveplacedmoreorders
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall
随机试题
(Ⅰ)设A=,问k满足什么条件时,kE+A是正定矩阵;(Ⅱ)A是n阶实对称矩阵,证明:存在大于零的实数k,使得kE+A是正定矩阵.
位于第九胸椎棘突下,旁开1.5寸的穴位是()。
说明我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度及其必然性。
A.X线胸片病变部位透亮度增加B.X线胸片病变部位肺纹理消失C.两者均有D.两者均无气胸时可见
关于骨质疏松症特点的叙述错误的是
左归丸和肾气丸两方的组成药物中均含有()右归丸和六味地黄丸的组成药物中均含有()
A.糖皮质激素B.磷结合剂C.碳酸氢钠D.促红细胞生成素E.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂糖尿病肾病大量蛋白尿患者应给予
某施工单位与王先生签订了为期二年的劳动合同,按照劳动合同法的规定,王先生的试用期不得超过()个月。
甲出国前将古琴、油画及电脑交乙保管,后乙将古琴出借给丙,将油画赠送给丁,将电脑出质给戍。甲回国后发现以上事实。甲有权()。(2013年多选46)
下列叙述中,错误的是
最新回复
(
0
)