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  3. Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside w

Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside w

admin2015-03-25  67
问题     Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside world—and can understand them well enough to retain memories of them after birth, according to a new research.
    【F1】It may seem incredible that fetuses(胎儿)can listen to speech within the womb(子宫), but the sound-processing parts of their brain become active in the last three months of pregnancy, and sound carries fairly well through the mother’s abdomen. " If you put your hand over your mouth and speak, that’s very similar to the situation the fetus is in," says cognitive neuroscientist Eino Partanen of the University of Helsinki. "You can hear the rhythm of speech, rhythm of music, and so on. "
    A 1988 study suggested that newborns recognize the theme song from their mother’s favorite soap opera. More recent studies have expanded on the idea of fetal learning, indicating that newborns already familiarized themselves with sounds of their parent’s native language;【F2】one showed that American newborns seem to perceive Swedish vowel sounds as unfamiliar, sucking on a high-tech pacifier to hear more of the new sounds. Swedish infants showed the same response to English vowels.
    But those studies were based on babies’ behaviors, which can be tricky to test. Partanen and his team decided instead to outfit babies with EEG sensors to look for neural traces of memories from the womb. "Once we learn a sound, if it’s repeated to us often enough, we form a memory of it, which is activated when we hear the sound again," he explains.【F3】This memory speeds up recognition of sounds in the learner’s native language and can be detected as a pattern of brain waves, even in a sleeping baby.
    【F4】The team gave expectant women(孕妇)a recording to play several times a week during their last few months of pregnancy, which included a made-up word, "tatata," repeated many times with music. Sometimes the middle syllable was varied, with a different pitch or vowel sound. By the time the babies were born, they had heard the made-up word, on average, more than 25,000 times. And when they were tested after birth, these infants’ brains recognized the word and its variations, while infants in a control group did not.
    【F5】Babies who had heard the recordings showed the neural signal for recognizing vowel and pitch changes in the made-up word, and the signal was strongest for the infants whose mothers played the recording most often. "This leads us to believe that the fetus can learn much more detailed information than we previously thought," Partanen says, "and that the memory traces are detectable after birth. "
【F1】
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答案胎儿在子宫里可以听到讲话声，这似乎令人难以置信，但是，在孕期的最后3个月里，胎儿大脑结构中的声音处理部分会开始活跃，并且声音能够很好地穿过母亲的腹部。
解析 该句是一个以but作转折连词的并列复合句，第一个分句是一个由it作形式主语的复合句，其中that引导的从句作真正的主语。在翻译时，应把主语从句放在句子最前面，译为：胎儿在子宫里可以听到讲话声，这似乎令人难以置信；后一个分句的难点在于carry一词的翻译。carry的含义一般包括：“携带，传送”等，但在此句中这两个含义都讲不通，这时我们就需要通过上下文仔细体会其中的引申义，根据句意可翻译成“穿过”。
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