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  3. 探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

探究科研领域的发展趋势 ——1996年英译汉及详解 The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Som

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问题 探究科研领域的发展趋势
——1996年英译汉及详解
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【F2】This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.【F3】This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting "good" as opposed to "bad" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.【F4】However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’ s more fascinating and delightful aspects.【F5】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
【F5】
选项
答案题中的elegance都与systems，thought，subjects有关，显然不能译成“优雅的”，这里elegant systems应该译为“完美的体系”.此外亦可从作者的口气推断．它是想说一种表面上看起来很好的理论实际上却无法解决世界上的某些问题。 同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。
解析 本句考查的重点是：省略句和as引导的原因状语从句。 这个句子的主干是New forms…as well as new subjects…must arise…，句中as well as“和，以及”，连接两个并列主语，must arise作句子的谓语。as they have in the past为方式状语，as就像是…，同…一样。giving rise to…作伴随状语。New forms of thought“新的思维方式”；new subjects for thought“新的思维对象”；arise“出现”；giving rise to“给出，产生，带来”；new standards of elegance“完美的新标准”。
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