首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
admin
2014-09-18
100
问题
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle- towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the in- crease in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax col- lectors(the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary officeholding)as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to oth- er sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debase- ment of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasi- ble. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income. Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin ; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of the following reasons?
选项
A、Agricultural production had increased .
B、Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.
C、The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.
D、The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as government revenues increased.
E、There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.
答案
E
解析
哪种原因造成武士的债务不容易清偿?A.农产品增长。无。B.税收时间不规则,数量随意。这是最后一段说起解决方式时的内容。C.日本政府没能适应经济变化。见L4—7泛指,而不是单指武士。D.武士的领地在国家资金增加时却变得越来越小和贫瘠。无。E.正确。农民们能交的税有限。见原文L35—39。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ArtO777K
本试题收录于:
GMAT VERBAL题库GMAT分类
0
GMAT VERBAL
GMAT
相关试题推荐
His()oftheaeroplanewascorrectineverydetailandcouldreallyfly.
Doyouknowinsurance(保险)?Buyinginsuranceisameansbywhichpeoplecanprotectthemselves【C1】______largelosses.Protection
Ayoungster’ssocialdevelopmenthasaprofoundeffectonhisacademicprogress.Kidswhohavetroublegettingalongwiththeir
Musiccomesinmanyforms:mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.【C1】______theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,Ameri
AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife________.
SpeakerA:Hereareourticketsandpassports.We’reflyingtoAmsterdamtoday.SpeakerB:WelcometoYouth.Let’ssee...yes,yo
SpeakerA:Hereareourticketsandpassports.We’reflyingtoAmsterdamtoday.SpeakerB:WelcometoYouth.Let’ssee...yes,yo
Themysterioustigerhasbeenasymbolofpowerandstrengthforcenturies.Itspowerisa【56】tohunters,【57】havetriedtokill
Themysterioustigerhasbeenasymbolofpowerandstrengthforcenturies.Itspowerisa【56】tohunters,【57】havetriedtokill
随机试题
下列规范性文件中属于行政法规的是()。
商业银行间,纯粹以信用为基础,没有任何担保的借款业务是()。
在计算机辅助系统中,CAM的含义是
称取重量应准确至所取重量的百分之一,称为取用量不得超过规定量的±10%.,一般描述为取用量
计算机网络按照配置划分为()。
为了减少会计工作量,可以将多笔不同交易或事项合在一起,编制多借多贷的会计分录。()
67,49,55,37,43,25,()
一项研究结果________了在梦中各种感官体验出现的频率,结果显示视觉体验居第一,听觉体验居第二,而触觉、嗅觉和味觉体验的出现频率相当低。视觉和听觉处理与大脑的关系要密切得多,多达三分之二的大脑皮层以某种方式参与视觉。因此,视觉如此频繁地在梦中出现___
通常,MAC地址固化在计算机的(10)中。
选取“人员情况表”的“学历”和“所占比例”两列的内容(合计行内容除外)建立“三维饼图”,标题为“人员情况图”,图例位置靠上,数据标志为显示百分比,将图插入到工作表的A9:D20单元格区域内。
最新回复
(
0
)