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  3. The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are bot

The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are bot

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问题     The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, 【C1】______ of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes【C2】______ courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists【C3】______a series of trial courts(called district courts)【C4】_____ relatively small geographic regions(there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that【C5】______ appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States.
    The two court systems are to some extent【C6】______, in that certain kinds of disputes(such as a claim that a state law is in【C7】______of the Constitution) may be【C8】______ in either system. There are also to some extent【C9】______, for the federal system stands above the state system in【C10】______ litigants (person engaged in lawsuits)who 【C11】______ their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
    Thus, the typical court case 【C12】______ in a trial court—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system. Most cases go no 【C13】______ than the trial court; for example, the criminal【C14】______ is convicted(by a trial or a guilty plea)and 【C15】______ by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court(or an out-of-court【C16】______ by the parties while the court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court system.【C17】______ sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares【C18】______about the cause that the matter doe not end there. In these 【C19】______, the "loser" at the trial court may【C20】______to the next higher court.
【C20】
选项 A、lead
B、turn
C、refer
D、appeal
答案D
解析 动词辨析题。四个选项都可以与介词to搭配，但意义不同：lead to“导致”；turn to“求助于，求教于，查阅”；refer to“提到，谈论，参考”；appealto“呼吁，恳求，申诉”。本句指“向更高一级法院提出上诉”，所以[D]appeal是答案。
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