首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2012-06-10
70
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Piaget in his hypothesis stated that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as haughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann fell bad. " Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
Why do five-year-olds react differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house"?
选项
A、Because they occupy the stage of moral autonomy.
B、Because they can distinguish between harmful and harmless acts.
C、Because they are capable of justify an aggressor’s action.
D、Because they realize that some of the intentionals are excusable.
答案
D
解析
文中第二段举了“伯尼毁坏了安的房子”这个例子,并说根据毁坏者的不同动机,五岁的孩子对该句话的反应完全不同。接着又总结说:因此,五岁的孩子开始理解到,有些伤害行为,即使是故意的,也可以原谅。综上,[D]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AxmK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Theeffectofthebabyboomontheschoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducationinthe
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetw
Thevisitors,menandwomen,oldandyoung,hadwalkedformanyhours,______ofthemgot.verytired,but______ofthemwoulds
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominenteases【C1】______the
Everybodyis______ofsomethingbetterandhigher.
WhatischaracteristicoflearnersofspecialEnglish?
TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,t
Iflifeexpectancywereamarathon,youcouldsaythattheUnitedStatesisfadingfromthepack.Althougheveryoneislivinglo
TravelersarrivingatHeathrowairportthisyearhavebeenmetbythesmelloffreshly-cutgrass,pumpedfromadiscreetcomerv
Don’tletthechildplaywithscissors______hecutshimself.
随机试题
进口建筑装饰装修材料进场时应对品种、规格、外观和尺寸进行验收,材料包装应完好,而且还应该具有()等。
在下列哪种情况下,机体为正氮平衡
甲、乙两国均为《维也纳外交关系公约》缔约国,甲国拟向乙国派驻大使馆工作人员。其中,卡罗琳是馆长,麦肯锡是参赞,布莱克是甲国籍翻译且非乙国永久居留者。依该公约,下列哪些选项是正确的?()
(2010年)26号元素的价电子构型为()。
下列哪些情行国家环境保护总局可视情节轻重,对环评机构分别给予警告、通报批评、责令限期整改3~12个月、缩减评价范围或者降低资质等级等处罚。( )
某市一栋高层办公楼,建筑高度96m,设置了室内、外消火栓系统和自动喷水灭火系统,消火栓系统和自动喷水灭火系统共用消防水泵。该建筑室内消火栓口出水工作压力为2.50MPa,故采用减压水箱分区供水形式。室外消防给水管网采用焊接钢管,管径为:150mm,在建筑顶
下列各情况中,引起的风险属于可分散风险的是()。
冯老师在家访时坚持“四多四少”的原则,即“多一点针对性,少一点随意性;多一点肯定,少一点求全责备;多一点情感交流,少一点情况汇报;多一点指导,少一点推卸责任”。冯老师的做法()。
有以下程序 #include<stdio.h> #defineS1(z)4*z+4*(z) #defineS2(x,y)4*(x)*(y)+y*x main() {inta=1,b=2; printf("%d,",S1(a+b)
派生类中的成员不以直接访问基类中的【】成员。
最新回复
(
0
)