首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2012-06-10
91
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Piaget in his hypothesis stated that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as haughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann fell bad. " Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
Why do five-year-olds react differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house"?
选项
A、Because they occupy the stage of moral autonomy.
B、Because they can distinguish between harmful and harmless acts.
C、Because they are capable of justify an aggressor’s action.
D、Because they realize that some of the intentionals are excusable.
答案
D
解析
文中第二段举了“伯尼毁坏了安的房子”这个例子,并说根据毁坏者的不同动机,五岁的孩子对该句话的反应完全不同。接着又总结说:因此,五岁的孩子开始理解到,有些伤害行为,即使是故意的,也可以原谅。综上,[D]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AxmK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Aseriesofborderincidentswould______leadthetwocountriestowar.
Themayorisawomanwithgreat______andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.
SUNDAYMarch5(continued)8:00p.m2,11CHIPSAwomanandhertwounrulysonsplottostealanarmoredcar.4ARCHIEBUNKER’
Individualism,independence,andself-relianceareperhapsthemostdistinctiveAmericancharacteristic.American"individualism
Whatisthepurposeofthementionedfederallaw?
WriteonANSWERSHEETTWOanoteofabout50~60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:Writea"ThankYou"lettertoMr.Smi
TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,t
Peoplethinkingabouttheoriginoflanguageforthefirsttimeusuallyarriveattheconclusionthatitdeveloped【C1】______as
Whatistheman’spurposefortalkingwiththewoman?
Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientsdonottakedrugs______directed.
随机试题
行车中遇醉酒的行人时,应_________。
以下哪一项属于支气管扩张的典型影像改变
【背景资料】某污水厂升级改造工程,由活性炭滤池、臭氧深度处理池和泵房等构筑物组成,承包单位以6500万元中标。施工基坑围护结构为灌注桩,基底标高为一6.50m(地面标高为±0.00),基底以粉砂土层、砂卵石层为主,渗透系数较大(20~200m/d),且北
各单位应定期将会计账簿记录与相应的会计凭证记录逐笔核对,检查以下内容是否一致()。
该投资项目每年的投资回收率为()。该投资项目的净现值为()万元。
甲商业银行2014年第3季度取得贷款利息收入5000万元,利息支出1000万元,另取得加息和罚息收入200万元。已知金融业适用的营业税税率为5%,甲商业银行就上述业务应当缴纳的营业税为()万元。
阅读材料,根据要求完成任务。材料一《义务教育化学课程标准(2011年版)》关于“溶解度”的内容标准为“了解饱和溶液和溶解度的含义”。材料二桌版本教科书中有关溶解度的内容如下:二、溶解度通过上述实验,我们大致可
公安机关治安行政处置中的命令,是指公安机关为了维护社会治安秩序和公共安全,依法向负有特定义务的人发出的作为、不作为和约束的指令,这种命令又称“警察命令”。()
南征北战:东讨西伐
正式结束美国奴隶制的是1863年的《解放黑奴宣言》和1865年的()。
最新回复
(
0
)