首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Coming Soon: the Next Great Flu Fpidemic The virus first came to officials’ attention in a bag of dead chickens. Early in March
Coming Soon: the Next Great Flu Fpidemic The virus first came to officials’ attention in a bag of dead chickens. Early in March
admin
2013-08-12
47
问题
Coming Soon: the Next Great Flu Fpidemic
The virus first came to officials’ attention in a bag of dead chickens. Early in March 1997, a farmer from Hong Kong’s New Territories carried them into the Agriculture and Fisheries Department laboratory. The final state of some birds was a hideous, bloody mush. Cultures of their organs revealed they had died of avian influenza, type H5N1. Influenza of the H5 subtype had never been known to infect humans. But in the next seven months, 18 Hong Kong residents fell ill with H5N1 and six died.
In late December 1997, public health officials took a
drastic
step, ordering the slaughter of every chicken in every farm and marketplace in Hong Kong. The H5N1 virus seemed to disappear-but for how long?
The specter of the 1918 flu was raised by this new avian flu. The 1918 flu was one of the most changeable and resistant viruses known to man. After we’ve been infected with one strain, it can mutate and infect us again. We are only immune to flu strains our bodies have seen before.
A flu can also "jump species" to an animal it has never infected before, once such a flu moves into humans, if it can "learn" to pass easily between them, it can
spark
a pandemic -a global outbreak.
Birds carry the flu virus in their intestines and excrete it in their feces. In all likelihood, shoppers who got sick with H5 touched surfaces
contaminated
with chicken feces. Humans, however, carry flu in their respiratory tracts and usually spread them in a cough or sneeze. Flu strains that travel
this
way are highly contagious.
The H5 virus in Hong Kong was different. It sickened very few, but killed a third of those infected. Most who got sick with H5 seemed to catch it directly from a bird they bought in a live-poultry market.
After the Hong Kong outbreak, flu experts feared that H5--already deadly to humans—might learn to move between humans as well as between birds. That "raises the specter of 1918", says Nancy Cox, chief of the Influenza Branch of the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCP).
Geographic isolation was no protection during the 1918 pandemic. In the Alaska Territory, the mortality rate in some villages was as high as 90 percent. All told, at least 500 000 Americans perished. It could happen again.
The virus that became the Spanish flu probably came from a bird. Avian-flu expert Dr. Robert Webster of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn. , believes the virus may have leapt straight from birds to humans, possibly a year to two before the pandemic began. Once lodged in human lungs, it quickly passed from person to person in a simple cough or sneeze. To avoid that grim possibility, here are three measures all nations need to take:
The first step is better surveillance. Most countries, though, don’t start tracking avian flu until after an epidemic kills their chickens. The United States dramatically increased its monitoring after a deadly outbreak in Pennsylvania in the early 1980s. The USDA(United States Department of Agriculture)provides diagnostic support. Some virologists recommend enhancing surveillance of swine flu too. The U. S. National Institutes of Health is beginning to study the issue.
Elsewhere, the coverage is not good enough, says Dr. W. Paul Glezen of the Baylor College of Medicine’s Influenza Research Center. He names Africa and South America as areas where the World Health Organizations net is incomplete.
Another important measure is producing more vaccines and flu shots. Only three of the 15 known influenza subtypes—H1, H2 and H3—have been found in people. Vaccines exist for each, and an H5 vaccine is now being developed. Some experts believe that we should develop a vaccine for the other known subtypes as well.
Health authorities add that more people need flu shots now. We should manufacture 120 million doses a year, but we are making only 80 million. If we bought more vaccines, manufacturers could produce more. This increased production capacity would be invaluable in a pandemic.
A strong pandemic plan.
The U. S. government has been developing a pandemic plan since 1997. The Hong Kong outbreak, notes CDCP investigator Keiji Fukuda, was a "dry run" for a real emergency. "It showed us we can get people there and answer some tough questions," but "H5 also taught us that lots of issues are hard to grapple with because they come so fast".
In March of this year, Hong Kong’s Agriculture and Fisheries Department announced it had found H5N1 in the goose excrement of a poultry stall.(A)
The virus was not identical to the 1997 version, and the next day it was gone.(B)
However, the two viruses were related.(C)
A month later, in April, the Hong Kong Department of Health announced that two girls, ages one and four, were recovering from an H9 flu virus found in poultry.(D)
H9 has never before been known to infect humans.
According to Paragraph 9, how did the virus that made Spanish flu prevail?
选项
A、Through a simple cough or sneeze.
B、Through drinking water.
C、Through eating contaminated food.
D、Through breathing the air.
答案
A
解析
本题为事实信息题。题目问:在文章第九自然段中,西班牙流感病菌是如何传播的?根据上下文“Once lodged in human lungs,it quickly passed from person to person in a simplecough or sneeze(西班牙流行性感冒的病菌一旦进入人体肺部,就迅速仅仅通过打喷嚏或咳嗽在人与人之间传播)”,可以判断出选项A为正确答案。而选项B(通过饮水)、选项C(通过食用受感染的食物)、选项D(通过吸人空气)在文中均未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/B2fO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.PERSONALDETAILSFORMName:Mary【T6】______Address:Flat2【T
Whichcolumnofthebarchartrepresentsthefiguresquoted?
Whichcolumnofthebarchartrepresentsthefiguresquoted?
Thelibrariansaysthattrainingalwaysincludes
Thelibrariansaysthattrainingalwaysincludes
Accordingtothespeaker,whyisitagoodtimeforD-l-Ypainting?
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.FootballintheUKAtpresentthemainreasonwhyUKschools
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.DRIVINGSCHOOLExampleAnswerLookingfordrivingless
airpollution本题询问烧煤产生的烟雾给伦敦造成了什么。录音原文中的contributedadealto是题目gaveriseto的同义替换,表示“导致,产生”,故空格处填入airpolution。
随机试题
公共关系研究人和人的关系的角度是()。
下列选项中不属于学生主观能动性的表现是()
生产力和生产资料共同构成了社会的生产方式。()
动脉粥样斑块中,不具有的细胞是
A.传染性单核细胞增多症B.神经母细胞瘤C.急性白血病D.慢性白血病E.非霍奇金淋巴瘤女,10岁,喘憋2周,不能平卧。体检:左锁骨上及左颈部多个肿大淋巴结,胸部X线示上纵隔明显增宽,气管影偏向右侧,变窄。最可能的诊断为
患者,女,58岁。纳差、上腹部不适3年。胃镜检查示:胃黏膜变薄,皱襞稀疏。Hb86g/L,MCV102fl。该患者应主要补充的维生素是
女,50岁。上腹痛3个月余,2个月前钡剂造影检查提示胃窦后壁溃疡,经抗酸药物治疗近8周,疼痛曾一过性缓解。进一步处理应首选
下列有关收入确认的表述中,正确的有( )。
人生は何か、これはだれ()はっきり言えないだろう。
《超人总动员》是知名动画导演布拉德.伯德加入皮克斯执导的首部作品,故事讲述显赫一时的超人家族,过去参与过不少打击犯罪的英雄事迹,因过度虚耗政府库房支出,超人先生被迫隐姓埋名兼改头换面,化身肥佬保险经纪人,和爱妻、三名子女住在大城市的郊区,过着跟一般正常人同
最新回复
(
0
)