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  3. Discovered in the early 1800s and named ’ nicotianine’ , the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of t

Discovered in the early 1800s and named ’ nicotianine’ , the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of t

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问题     Discovered in the early 1800s and named ’ nicotianine’ , the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine, however, is only a small component of cigarette smoke, which contains more than 4, 700 chemical compounds, including 43 cancer causing substances. In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.
    In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza. Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today.
    Passive smoking, the breathing in of the side-stream smoke from the burning of tobacco between puffs or of the smoke exhaled by a smoker, also causes a serious health risk. A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke. This type of smoke contains more, smaller particles and is therefore more likely to be deposited deep in the lungs. On the basis of this report, the EPA has classified environmental tobacco smoke in the highest risk category for causing cancer.
    As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a nonsmoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking. The risk of lung cancer also increases over the years of exposure and the figure jumps to 80 per cent if the spouse has been smoking four packs a day for 20 years. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence.
It can be inferred from the passage that______.
选项 A、we can reduce deaths from cancer by 30% if no one smokes in the world
B、we can reduce deaths from lung cancer by 85% if no one smokes in the world
C、a non-smoker can reduce the risk of death from heart disease by 30% if he or she is able to avoid passive smoking
D、all of above
答案D
解析 推理题，实际是反向的细节判断题。用数字回到原文定位到第二段最后一句(A选项)、第一段最后一句(B选项)、最后一段第一句(C选项)事实描述都是正确的。
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