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  3. In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an econ

In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an econ

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问题    In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other resources such as labor, material, and capital. This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.
   As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically.
   The second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies -- the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the country’s computer market, which in turn represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. However, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21 st century.
According to this passage, the market share of______
选项 A、the U.S. information service was equivalent to 40 percent of the global market share
B、the U.S. information service sector was about one-seventh of the global market share
C、computers in the United States had reached about $3.5 billion by 1992
D、computers in the United States is much smaller than that of television
答案D
解析 根据文章第三段第三句和第四句“By 1992 the market share of the U.S.information service sector had grown to about $25 billion．This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the country’s computer market，which in tum represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year．”可知，截止到1992年，美国信息服务行业的市场份额已经增长到250 亿美元。这相当于美国计算机市场份额的七分之一，而美国计算机市场份额又大约占据了当 年全球计算机市场的40%。所以A、B、C三项表述均属错误。又根据文章最后一句可知， 电视的市场份额是计算机份额的100倍。据此判断，答案是D。
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