首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is
Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is
admin
2011-05-12
65
问题
Classifications of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.
I . High-context culture
A.feature
—context: more important than the message
—meaning 【1】______ 【1】______
i. e. more attention paid to 【2】______than 【2】______
to the message itself
B. examples
—personal space
—preference for 【3】______ 【3】______
—less respect for privacy/personal space
—attention to 【4】______ 【4】______
—concept of time
—belief in 【5】______interpretations of time 【5】______
—no concern for punctuality
—no control over time
II. Low-context culture
A. feature
—message: separate form context
—meaning 【6】______ 【6】______
B. examples
—personal space
—desire/respect for individuality/privacy
—less attention to body language
—more concern for 【7】______ 【7】______
—attitude toward time
—concept of time: 【8】______ 【8】______
—dislike of 【9】______ 【9】______
—time seen as commodity
III. Conclusion
awareness of different cultural assumptions
—relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc.
— 【10】______in successful communication 【10】______
Classifications of Cultures
Good morning everyone. Today we’ll look at culture, or rather, classifications of cultures. Usually when we deal with different people we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it’s possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. Regarding such important and basic ideas of time, personal space and this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact. What Hall believed is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuum, ranging from what he called "high-context" to "low-context".
Okay, what is a high-context culture? A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. (1)What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what’s happening in and around the message than to the message itself. (2)Now, let me give you examples. First, in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high context culture, because there’s greater dependency on group thinking, people lean toward heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people and they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. (3) If you go into that culture people might stand closer when they’re talking to you, they might touch more and if they’re jostled in a crowd they won’t feel violated. And also, people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language, (4)because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychronic attitude toward time. Here "poly" means multiple and "chronic" means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events, have their own time and there can’t be a standard system of time for everything. (5) What this leads them to believe is that you can’t emphasize punctuality; things happen when they’re supposed to happen. So there’s a different attitude toward time. There’s no set standard of time. You can’t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it’s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.
Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning unto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. (6)The message, the event, the action have meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again, there’s more emphasis on individuality, so the concept of privacy is very, very important, whereas before as I said in high-context culture they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But, in a low-context culture, there’s a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don’t knock on doors before entering, that’s an invasion of privacy. People feel violated. There’s a respect and a desire for privacy. And, you will also see that people might pay less attention to body language, because, as I said, the message is, the message is everything. They’re not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing, or what you do is the important thing. (7)Another example of a low-context culture is people’s attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before there was a "polychronic" sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? "Monochrome," right. A monochrome sense of time, and by that we mean there is one time, and that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there’s one standard of time, and that should be for everything. (8)And so, I’m not willing to hear, "Oh, the traffic was heavy, that’s why I’m late," or "Oh, 1 slept late. " People in a low-context culture will be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time. (9)There shouldn’t be all this flexibility with time, and they expect punctuality. And, they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like, "use time," "to waste time," "to spend time," or "time is money." All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold on to. So, what this is all about is that, Hall stresses that, people need to be aware of these different assumptions or concepts about reality. And, he thinks that this has all kind of relevance no matter what you are doing. If you’re in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you’re dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it’s going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interaction. (10)
Okay, today we’ve taken a brief look at Edward Hall’s view of culture, mainly his classification of high or low-context culture with some examples. Next week, we’ll look at some more examples of culture on the continuum between high-context and low-context cultures.
选项
答案
surroundings/context。
解析
(2)细节题。讲座中提到的第一类文化为高语境文化,在高语境文化中,信息本身并不重要,人们更多的关注集中在语境上:What this means is that in a high—context culture more attention is paid to what’s happening in and around the message than to the message itself.所以答案为surroundings/context或things around message。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/B8YO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThereisagreatconcerninEuropeandNorthAmericaaboutdecliningstandardsofliteracyinschools.InBritain,thefactthat
ThereisagreatconcerninEuropeandNorthAmericaaboutdecliningstandardsofliteracyinschools.InBritain,thefactthat
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknow
Cancunmeans"snakepit"inthelocalMayanlanguage,anditliveduptoitsnameasthehostofanimportantWorldTradeOrganiz
BaruchSpinozawasaDutchphilosopherandreligiousthinkerwhowasbornonNovember24,1632inAmsterdam.HisfamilywasSpan
TheHistoryofAmericanIndiansWhenEuropeansdiscoveredtheWesternhemisphere,theydiscoveredaraceofpeople.【1】______
Mr.Bascombwasupset.Attimeslikethishewishedhehadneverbecomeacandidateformayor.Everythinghadgonewronglythat
A、Thenumberofterroristattackslastyearwasmorethan190.B、ColinPowelldidn’ttrustCIAC、Thereportexaggeratedthenumb
HowtoConductEmploymentInterviewsGenerallyspeaking,thepurposeofemploymentinterviewsarethree-fold:a.tomatchac
InChina,manystudentsatseniorhighschoolaredividedintothosewhopursuestudiesinartsorthoseinsciences.Someeduca
随机试题
Whoeverisinchargeof________theeventmusthavetheabilitytoworkonmultipletasksatthesametime.
分部分项工程量清单应包括项目编码、项目名称、项目特征、计量单位和:[2010年第11题]
会计核算软件按照不同的适用范围可分为通用会计核算软件和商品化会计核算软件。()
仿冒知名商品构成不正当竞争行为应符合的条件不包括()。
学校教育与家庭教育相互配合的方法有()
李某去世后,其子小李继承了李某名下的一处房产,后来小李把房产卖给了朋友。下列选项中正确的是()
Refertotheexhibit.ThenetworkadministratornormallyestablishesatelnetsessionwiththeswitchfromhostA.However,hostAi
数据在计算机存储器上的存储形式主要是______和文件。
若有说明“chars1[30]="abc",s2[]="defghi";”,则在使用函数stcat(s1,s2)后,结果是()。
______(与核能引起的弊端相比),thesolarpowercanserveasabettermovetowardthesolutionfortheproblemofenergycrisis.
最新回复
(
0
)