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  3. How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for

How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for

admin2023-01-31  15
问题     How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.
    Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes (染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.
    Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, "I hate to stand in long lines"; they think, "Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!"—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scored high on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30％ more likely to have short telomeres.
    What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.
What do we learn from the last paragraph about the process of aging?
选项 A、It may vary from individual to individual.
B、It challenges scientists to explore further.
C、It depends on one’s genetic code.
D、It may be controlled to a degree.
答案D
解析 根据题干要求定位到最后一段。题目询问从最后一段的描述中能了解到衰老过程的什么信息。该段首先指出衰老是一个动态过程；接着倒数第2句又提到，许多因素都会影响端粒，并可以在细胞层面上防止过早衰老。结合选项来看，D项“在一定程度上可以控制”最符合题意。该段没有提到个体之间的差异，从文意来看，人们衰老的过程是一样的。只是速度有快有慢，故排除A项“它可能因人而异”。该段也未提及科学家的下一步探究，排除B项。该段第2句提到影响衰老的端粒并不只是简单执行遗传密码的指令，故排除C项“这取决于一个人的遗传密码”。
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