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  3. Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a jo

Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a jo

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问题     Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a joystick as the watched a horizontal series of lights on a display panel.  She knew that if a light suddenly shone and she moved the joystick left or right to correspond to its position, she would be sent a drop of fruit juice into her mouth.
    Belle wore a cap glued to her head. Under it were four plastic connectors, which fed arrays of mi crowires-each wire finer than the finest sewing thread-into different regions of Belle’s motor cortex, the brain tissue that plans movements and sends instructions. Each of the 100 microwires lay beside a single motor neuron. When a neuron produced an electrical discharge, the adjacent microwire would capture the current and send it up through a small wiring bundle that ran from Belle’s cap to a box of electronics on a table next to the booth. The box, in turn, was linked to two computers, one next door and the other half a country away.
    After months of hard work, we were about to test the idea that we could reliably translate the raw electrical activity in living being’s brain-Belle’s mere thoughts-into signals that could direct the actions of a robot. We had assembled a multijointed robot arm in this room, away from belle’s view, that she would control for the first time. As soon as Belle’s brain sensed a lit spot on the panel, electronics in the box running two real-time mathematical models would rapidly analyze the tiny action potentials produced by her brain cells. Our lab computer would convert the electrical patterns that would direct the robot arm. Six hundred miles north, in Cambridge, Mass, a different computer would produce the same actions in another robot arm built by Mandayam A. Srinvasan. If we had done everything correctly, the two robot arms would behave as Belle’s arm did, at exactly the same time.
    Finally the moment came. We randomly switched on lights in front of Belle, and she immediately moved her joystick back and forth to correspond to them. Our robot arm moved similarly to Belle’s real arm. So did Srinivasan’ s Belle and the robots moved in synchrony, like dancers choreographed by the electrical impulses sparking inn Belle’s mind.
    In the two years since that day, our labs and several others have advanced neuroscience, computer science and microelectronics to create ways for rats, monkeys and eventually humans to control mechanical and electronic machines purely by "thinking through," or imagining, the motions. Our immediate goal is to help a person who has been unable to move by a neurological disorder or spinal cord injury, but whose motor cortex is spared, to operate a wheelchair or a robotic limb.
What kind of science is used in our labs?
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答案Neuroscience, computer science and microelectronics.
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