首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
You are going to read a text about Gold-Medal Workouts, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—
You are going to read a text about Gold-Medal Workouts, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—
admin
2009-04-26
94
问题
You are going to read a text about Gold-Medal Workouts, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use.
Drawing on biomechanics and other sports science, Olympic hopefuls target just the right muscles and moves. Olympians of yesteryear shared the same goal, but they would hardly recognize today’s training techniques. To achieve to Olympian ideal of "faster, higher, stronger," coaches now realize, athletes don’t have to train more but they do have to train smarter. That’s why, these days, cross-country (Nordic) skiers kneel on skateboards and tug on pulleys to haul themselves up a ramp.
By analyzing every motion that goes into a ski jump or a luge run, the science of biomechanics breaks down events into their component parts and determines which movements of which muscles are the key to a superlative performance. Knowing that is crucial for a simple hut, to many coaches and trainers, unexpected reason: it turns out that although training for general conditioning improves fitness, the best way to boost performance is by working the muscles and practicing the moves that will be used in competition. It’s called sport-specific training.
(41) Ways to work the right muscles and train the right patterns of movement.
Sport-specific training doesn’t have to mean running the actual course or performing the exact event. There are other ways to work the right muscles and train the right pattern of movement. Doing situps on a Swiss ball, for instance, develops torso control as well as strength. The Finnish ice-hockey team recently added acrobatics to its training regime because it helps players to balance on the ice, says head coach Raimo Summanen.
Performance-enhancing strategies.
The advances in physiology that have revolutionized training are giving sports scientists a better under-standing of how to improve strength, power, speed and both aerobic and anaerobic fitness:
(42) Training the start-up.
Speed is partly genetic. A star sprinter is probably born with a preponderance of fast twitch muscle fibers, which fire repeatedly with only microsecond rests in between. Speed training therefore aims to recruit more fast-twitch fibers and increase the speed of nerve signals that command muscles to move.
(43) Strength reflects the percentage of muscle fibers the body can recruit for a given movement.
"Someone with pure strength can recruit 90 percent of these fibers, while someone else recruits only 50 percent", says the USOC’s Davis.
(44) Developing anaerobic fitness.
Anaerobic fitness keeps the muscles moving even when the heart can’t provide enough oxygen. To postpone the point when acid begins to accumulate, or at least train the body to tolerate it, Jim Walker has the speed skaters he works with push themselves beyond what they need to do in competition.
Power is strength with speed.
"One of the biggest changes in strength training is that we’re getting away from pure strength and emphasizing power, or explosive strength," says USOC strength-and- conditioning coordinator Kevin Ebel.
(45) Difficulties under way.
It’s still difficult to persuade coaches to let sports scientists mess with their athletes.
To overcome such resistance, the USOC’s Peter Davis has set up "performance-enhancing teams" where coaches and scientists put their heads together and apply the best science to training. Come February, the world will see how science fared in its attempt to mold athletic excellence.
A. Zach Lund races skeleton (a head-first, belly-down sled race), in which the start is crucial. He has to sprint in a bent-over position (pushing his sled along the track), then hop in without slowing the sled. "You have to go from a hard sprint to being really calm in order to go down the track well," says Lund. To improve his speed he does leg presses while lying on his back, or leg curls on his stomach (bringing his foot to his backside).
B. Despite the finding that drafting reduces the demand on the heart of a speed skater and generally improves performance, for instance, most skaters still prefer to go out fast and first.
C. Sprinters who skate 500 meters in the Olympics, for instance, power through multiple 300 meters, and do it faster than they skate the 500. By raising the anaerobic threshold, the training gives skaters a better shot at exploding with a sprint at the finish.
D. Luge, for instance, requires precise control of infinitesimal muscle movements: "Overcorrect on a turn," says driver Mark Grimmette, "and you’re dead". To achieve that precise control, he and his doubles partner, Brian Martin, devote a good chunk of their training time to exercises on those squishy rubber spheres called Swiss balls.
E. Aerobic fitness is hockey star Cammi Granato’s goal one autumn morning as she pedals a stationary bike with sweaty fury at the USOC training center in Lake Placid, New York. When Granato finally staggers off the bike and crumples onto the padded platform, she’s had a tougher workout than in any hockey period—which is exactly the point.
F. The thigh’s quadriceps, for instance, consist of millions of fibers organized into what are called motor units. When a speed skater pushes off the ice, he recruits a certain percentage of them to fire; the others are relaxing and so do not contribute to the movement.
选项
答案
F
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BIa4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
随机试题
患者,男,17岁。乏力、食欲减退、黄疸进行性加深10天,神志不清1天。查体:明显黄疸,烦躁不安,皮肤瘀斑,肝右肋下未扪及,肝浊音界在第7~8肋间,扑翼样震颤阳性,血清总胆红素255μmol/L,ALT200U/L,凝血酶原活动度28%。诊断应考虑(
社会工作者小李称,自己在为残疾人服务时,经常会运用个案管理的工作方法,也经常充当不同的角色。从社会工作专业的角度来看,小李充当的角色,不可能的是()。
对没有100%安全的网络误解的是___________。
女,45岁。发热,血沉35mm/h,尿蛋白+++,疑似链球菌感染引起的肾炎,进行补体测定,C4明显下降。属下述哪种疾病
某企业有一栋原值为200万元的厂房,2009年年初对该厂房进行扩建,2009年8月底完工并办理验收手续,增加了房产原值45万元,另外对厂房安装了价值15万元的排水设备并单独作固定资产核算。已知当地政府规定计算房产余值的扣除比例为20%,2009年度该企业应
根据《商业银行法》的规定,对利率违法行为的处罚包括()。
(2014年)甲公司为居民企业,2013年度有关经济业务如下:(1)取得产品销售收入2000万元,国债利息收入15万元、银行存款利息收入5万元,逾期未退包装物押金收入0.5万元。(2)支付职工困难补助3万元、职工交通补贴2.5万元、职工食堂人员工资
企业登记属于:
你如何看待时尚?
简述SQLServer2000提供的主要管理及功能。
最新回复
(
0
)