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  3. Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh

Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which sh

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问题     Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
    Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’ s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around ￡ 1,500 a year.
    That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over ￡4,000 a year more than female ones.
    To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
    Besides pay, her study also looked at the "glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1. 04 and 2. 45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
    Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts , than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to
选项 A、compare the pay between male and female scientists.
B、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.
C、contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.
D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.
答案B
解析 本题是一道细节推导题，考查考生对文章重要细节信息的理解和推导能力。本题的答案信息在尾段的第三句，其大意是：“与以往的研究不同，Connolly博士的研究把大学里科学家的经验与其他种类实验室里的科学家进行了比较。”由此可以得出本题的正确选项是B。此外还可以通过排除法，第一段中讲述的另外两个研究已经对A、C两项的内容进行了对比，D项明显不对，因此B是正确选项。
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