首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by
In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by
admin
2016-01-05
29
问题
In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organi-zation(BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s. A growing number seem to agree.
Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature ... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."
Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.
As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’ s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents.
Each meeting was packed
.
Generally speaking, the author’ s attitude toward gene patenting is
选项
A、critical.
B、supportive.
C、scornful.
D、objective.
答案
D
解析
态度题。纵观全文,作者对基因申请专利的态度既不是A项“批评的”,也不是B项“支持的”,更不是C项“嘲笑的”,作者列举了反对方的理由也提到了生物技术公司的表现及应对措施,对法庭的判决和BIO协会的态度都是公正客观的,所以答案D项“客观的”为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BRsZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,itbecameanincreasinglyimport
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,itbecameanincreasinglyimport
Nobodylikestobespiedon,especiallybytheirallies,soitishardlysurprisingthatEuropeansareangryaboutAmericanespi
Europe’sgovernmentsareslammingthelastdoorstillopenforso-calledeconomicmigrantsfrompoorcountries.Throughoutthel
TransatlanticfrictionbetweencompaniesandregulatorshasgrownasEurope’sdataguardianshavebecomemoreassertive.Frances
A.Don’tTrytoScareYourselfStraightB.GetBetterFriendsC.QuitCompletelyD.FocusonYourAchievementsE.Don’tKidYour
Inthisyear’sStateoftheUnionaddress,PresidentObamaoutlinedaplantograduallyraisetheminimumwagefrom$7.25to$9/
A.InrecentyearsPurduehaslaunchedabatteryofexploratorycoursesacrossdisciplinestohelpstudentsgetabetterideaof
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)inte
Iwas13whenBenjicameintoourlives.Withhisdeepbrowneyes,floppyearsandcheerfuldisposition,hewasmyconstantcomp
随机试题
Englishenlightenersinthe18thcenturyheld______astheyardstickforthemeasurementofallhumanactivitiesandrelations.
从理论与实际相结合的角度,说明克服我国行政组织改革最大困难与阻力的基本对策。
左氧氟沙星具有哪些结构特征和作用特点
某水运工程,业主在应按合同约定及监理工程师已确认的工程量支付A标段工程进度款日期之后10d内仍未付款,承包商于是便暂停施工。问承包商的做法是否恰当,为什么?B标段承包商所承担的工程已达到基本竣工的条件,但由于非承包商原因的外部客观条件影响不能进行竣工试验,
甲上市公司(以下简称“甲公司”)有关金融资产和丁产品生产线有关资料如下:资料1:甲公司2×17年1月1日支付价款2040万元(与公允价值相等)购入某公司同日发行的3年期公司债券,另以银行存款支付交易费用16.48万元,该公司债券的面值为2000万元,票面
在Windows扣,“回收站”是()。
下列属于可回收利用垃圾的是:
下列句子中语义明确,没有语病的一项是()。
汉代最重要的算学著作是(),这部书是246个算术命题和解法的汇编,在世界数学史上占有重要的地位。
Nooneworddemonstratedtheshiftincorporations’attentioninthemid-1990sfromprocessestopeoplemorevividlythanthesi
最新回复
(
0
)