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  3. US White House spokesman Tony Snow once sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the forme

US White House spokesman Tony Snow once sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the forme

admin2012-04-05  76
问题     US White House spokesman Tony Snow once sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah (无耻)". With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics — with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新闻) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度).
    "The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller," said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio sound bite (a sound bite is a very brief broadcast statement, as by a politician during a news report) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
    Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth — whether it’s in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.
    But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of FactCheck.org, a website not supporting the ideas of any political party or group, calls "spin" just a polite word for "deceiving".
    "I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin," said Jackson.
    "Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."
According to Brooks Jackson, what exactly are all campaign slogans?
选项 A、They are only political and polite words.
B、They are words that will surely make people moved.
C、They are nothing but lies.
D、They carry useful information for people to know about the politician.
答案C
解析 文章第四段首句提到，但是……竞选口号都有一个单一的重要成分：通常被称为政治“扭控”的东西。接下来说明Brooks Jackson对“扭控”的看法：Brooks Jackson称这种“扭控”只是“欺骗”的委婉说法。由此可知，Brooks Jackson认为所有竞选口号只是一种谎言，故答案为C)。A)是针对a polite word设的干扰项，Brooks Jackson称spin是deceiving的委婉说法，带有隐喻，并不是认为竞选口号只是政治词汇和礼貌用语，故排除A)。倒数第二段Jackson说“我确信政治家们经常对自己的‘谎言’信以为真”，由此可推知，政治家们甚至有可能为自己的“谎言”所感动，但这些“谎言”却不能感动民众，故排除B)。Jackson认为政治家的标语其实都是谎言，由此可以推断，他不会认为那些标语里会包含关于政治家的真实信息，故排除D)。
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