2. 外语
  3. You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the question, you will have

You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the question, you will have

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问题    You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two drawbacks of franchise stores in the listening.
Like we have been discussing all week, everyone sees and appreciates the advantages of both chain stores and franchises. Today, however, I’d like to talk about some of the disadvantages. There are a number of these, but for now I want to talk about just two.
First, chains and franchises leave no room for innovation or even simple changes to fit local circumstances. If you have a restaurant selling fast food, say, you don’t decide what goes on the menu: the head office does. Creating and offering a new menu item could cause the headquarters to take away your franchise! That doesn’t happen much, but it is a problem that even good ideas take a long time to come into use. You have to ask headquarters, they have to discuss it for a long time, and then MAYBE you can make the changes. So you have every reason to make as few changes as possible. It takes too long and the management treats you like a baby.
Second, if there are any problems anywhere in the chain, the whole chain can be affected. For example, I once stayed in a franchising motel. After I got there, I found the toilet was dirty and there was garbage under the bed. I have never stayed in another chain store of the brand and I’ve told all my friends and family this story. Am I being fair? Probably not. Probably almost every other motel is just fine. But the one bad experience has made me dislike all the chain.
选项
答案The lecturer identifies two problems with chains and franchises. The first is that the centralized management structure discourages local innovation. For example, a chain store hotel cannot change its menu once it had been decided by the head office. The store creating a new dish is considered breaking the rule. And a chain store will be taken away by the headquarter as a result. But to ask permission to have new items on the menu is very slow. Good ideas usually take a long time to come into use, which is an inefficient operation to encourage innovation. Another problem is that a bad incident with just one outlet can give the entire chain a negative reputation. The professor once lived in a franchising motel, but it was dirty. So the professor no longer wants to live in the motel under the same brand, because he thinks other chains are also dirty. And he also tells other people to avoid staying in the motel and its chains due to the bad experience with just one chain store.
解析     讲座描述了连锁店的两个主要缺点，“The lecturer identifies two problems with chains and franchises．”
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