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  3. One of the conflicts that a teacher faces relates to economics. The teacher is expected to be a model of dress and appearance, t

One of the conflicts that a teacher faces relates to economics. The teacher is expected to be a model of dress and appearance, t

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问题     One of the conflicts that a teacher faces relates to economics. The teacher is expected to be a model of dress and appearance, to live in a respectable house or apartment within the school community, and to participate financially in religious, social, and welfare organizations. All too often, teachers are expected to maintain a certain standard of living on salaries that are not commensurate with their needs. These community pressures have caused many teachers, especially male teachers who may be the sole source of income for their families, to get a second job, to moonlight.
    The teacher, besides being an employee of the school board, a subordinate of the principal and other superiors, and a colleague to fellow teachers, also has many roles in the classroom. Teachers transmit knowledge and direct learning. They enter the classroom to teach; and if there is any role they can perform best, it should be this. They should have acquired a thorough understanding of their subject and have received special training through professional work in teaching methods, curriculum, philosophy, and psychology. The teacher has been specially trained to teach for maximum learning. Our schools have traditionally divided subject matter into courses. Teacher’s success is usually gauged by how successfully pupils master subject matter.
    Teachers also discipline; they strive to guide children toward appropriate behavior. This guidance may be carried out in various ways. Some teachers become strict disciplinarians; some try to get students to cooperate voluntarily; still others let students be free to act as they want. Many teachers never learn to control students successfully. Discipline problems plague many beginning teachers. It is difficult to learn the techniques of disciplining students, since they can not be specifically taught in teacher preparation programs. The public sees lack of discipline as the most urgent problem in the schools now. Teachers who have a firm background in their subjects, in educational philosophy, and in psychology of learning have the best chance for handling classroom discipline well.
    The teacher is an evaluator. Like discipline, evaluation is a difficult task for a teacher. Children receive grades and are passed or held back by the decision of the teacher. Also, the teacher determines what is appropriate moral and ethical behavior for students. In many respects, teachers are entrusted with the authority of judge and jury; they need all their personal resources to evaluate each child fairly.
    Often the teacher acts as a substitute for the parent. In most states the teacher stands in for parents while the child is in school. Teachers are expected not only to discipline a child as the parent might and at the same time teach, but also to help the child manage personal problems. The teacher performs a multitude of duties ranging from helping little children with their clothing to helping older students adjust to the anxieties of adolescence. Occasionally, the teacher becomes the special confidant of students — when, for example, students find it hard to tell their parents about particular personal problems.
    All the foregoing does not imply that the teacher must be everything to all persons to be successful. Situations will dictate appropriate teacher response. Teachers must perceive their proper role, and they must understand the expectations and limitations that accompany that role.
Why do many teachers go moonlighting according to the passage?
选项 A、To gain social experiences.
B、To realize self-values.
C、To meet the community expectations.
D、To make contributions to the society.
答案C
解析 本题是细节题。根据第1段第3、4句：“通常社会期望教师维持一定的生活水平，但是工资与他们的需求不相称；这些压力促使许多教师去寻求第二职业。可知，教师从事第二职业常常是为了达到社会的期望值。
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