2. 外语
  3. X: When a rare but serious industrial accident occurs, people respond by believing that such accidents are becoming more frequen

X: When a rare but serious industrial accident occurs, people respond by believing that such accidents are becoming more frequen

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问题 X: When a rare but serious industrial accident occurs, people respond by believing that such accidents are becoming more frequent. This belief is irrational. After all, being dealt four aces in a hand of poker, a rare event, hardly increases one’s chances of being dealt four aces in a future hand. Y: To the contrary, the belief is rational because it results in people’s sensing a danger to themselves not previously sensed and taking precautionary actions to prevent similar accidents in the future. Y’s attempt to counter X’s claim is best described by which of the following?
选项 A、It questions the aptness of the analogy drawn by X.
B、It makes apparent X’ s failure to consider how people vary in their responses to a serious accident.
C、It shifts the basis for judging rationality to considerations of utility.
D、It offers an alternative explanation of why people form incorrect beliefs.
E、It challenges X’s assumption that the occurrence of a single event is sufficient to change a belief.
答案C
解析 本题为“二人对话”类型，描述Y对X的观点的驳斥。读题重点应是第一个人的最后一句话与第二个人的第一句话。很显然，X得出“irrational”的观点基于的考虑与Y得出截然相反的“rational”的观点所基于的考虑是不一样的。(C)指出Y将判断合理性的基础转变为对实用性的考虑，正好表明Y从另一个角度去评估合理性，所以(C)很好地指出了二人的推理关系，因此(C)正确；若Y对扑克牌起4张A的概率与工业事故的发生之间的类比提出质疑，(A)才正确；(B)与上面推理明显不符；Y并没有认为人们的观点错误，所以(D)不对；X并未基于如(E)所说的假设，所以(E)也不正确。
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