首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
admin
2019-03-26
71
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result
of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
【T6】
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder." In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.
选项
答案
illness or injury
解析
身体上的安全很容易理解,每个人都需要使身体免受伤害以及疾病等等,the former指的是physical security.所以答案为原文中from之后的injury,illness,etc.也可以为同义表达illness or injury。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BqEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
AreyouconsideringtravelingtoanativeEnglishspeakingcountrytoimproveyourEnglishlanguagesskillsatalanguagescho
Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,sofarmerscouldnotwaitformarketstoimprove.
Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill—oneneedscarelesstrainingofaspecialkind
TherearedifferenttheoriesofLanguageDevelopment.Thelearningperspectivearguesthatchildrenimitatewhattheyseeandh
Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstanding【S1】______
Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstanding【S1】______
Technologiescollapsethedistancebetweenadesireanditsfulfillmentbyreducingeitherthetimeortheeffortinvolved.Thi
Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeaddictedpotentiallyanythingyoudo,"saysMark【S1】___
Animalresearch,includingmedicalresearch,toxicologytesting,andpsychologicalresearchinvolvinganimalsubjects,hasbeen
随机试题
下列哪一项是发现巨大血小板综合征的最简便试验
A激素吸入Bβ2受体激动剂吸入C口服泼尼松,短期(1周左右)使用D口服茶碱控释片E异丙托溴铵(异丙托品)吸入下列哮喘患者如何根据病情选择药物治疗?男性,25岁。哮喘长期吸入表面激素,病情显著改善,但在
哮病寒包热哮证选用的方剂是
项目部涉及质量验评工作的责任部门包括()。
下列关于车船税的说法中,正确的有()。
下列关于企业销售渠道的说法,正确的是()。
某建筑工程公司(甲方)2018年4月20日与某房地产开发公司(乙方)签订了新建商业大厦地下室及裙楼的施工合同,乙方编制的施工方案和进度计划已获得甲方聘请的监理工程师批准,甲方也在批准书上签字、盖章。该工程的基坑采取机械大开挖施工,施工方案规定,乙方可租赁一
工作岗位分析信息主要来源于()
设f(χ)=,求f(χ)的间断点并判断其类型.
Whenmedal-winningathletesreturnhomefromtheOlympicGames,theirfamemaybeshort-lived,buttheycanlookforwardtoalo
最新回复
(
0
)