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  3. Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to appr

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to appr

admin2009-04-23  60
问题     Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most notorious example of this failure to instruct effectively.
    The "whole-word" approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these "Ran Spot Run" readers.
    However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控拆)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the "look-say" method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics, is far superior.
    Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words, Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.
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答案"look-say" or "whole-word" method
解析 文章第一段中，作者先是指出阅读的启蒙教育是小学的重要任务，接着对几种传统的阅读启蒙教育方式提出了批评。综合首段第二、三、四句的内容可知，除了relying on educators和ineffective instructional methods外，作者最为反对的(notorious)的方法是“look-say” or “whole-word” method。
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