首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a conte
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a conte
admin
2019-03-25
34
问题
(1)Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2)The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone)was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3)The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG)and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4)However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use)and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5)The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6)Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7)In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.
Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?
选项
A、Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.
B、Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.
C、Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".
D、Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.
答案
B
解析
从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出,由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果,带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护,因此选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/BxEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
EvenbeforethehumanorganismdevelopedintotheirpresentstageofHomosapiens,thebeginningsofculturewerealreadyeviden
CulturalCharacteristics&WebsitesI.HighandlowcontextculturesA.High-contextcommunication:dependonfactors【T1】_____:【
CulturalCharacteristics&WebsitesI.HighandlowcontextculturesA.High-contextcommunication:dependonfactors【T1】_____:【
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
HowtoPrepareforaScholarshipInterview?I.Beforetheinterview—Preparationisamust—Readasmuchaspossibleaboutthe
随机试题
RZC型铁焊丝的使用特点是()。
阅读下面一段课文,回答下列问题:相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。指出这首诗所采取的主要的修辞手法。
下列关于肌紧张的描述,正确的是
下列行为中属于单方民事法律行为的是:()
某永续年金每年向客户支付5000元的股利,如果无风险收益率为4%,则该年金的现值为()万元。
资产负债匹配管理立足资产负债管理,以()等为约束条件。
某零件生产企业的流水线有效工作时间为每日8小时,流水线每生产一件零件需15分钟,则该企业流水线每日的生产能力为()件。
请在“答题”菜单下选择“电子表格”命令,然后按照题目要求再打开相应的命令,完成下面的内容,具体要求如下:在考生文件夹下打开EXCEL.XLSX文件,将sheet1工作表的A1:D1单元格合并为一个单元格,水平对齐方式设置为居中;计算各种设备的销售额(销
【B1】【B2】
Theincome-taxdeadlineapproachesandsometaxpayers’thoughtsturntoit.Testtimeapproachesandsomestudents’thoughtstur
最新回复
(
0
)