首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to pr
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to pr
admin
2013-01-20
48
问题
"Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights:the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts",says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such fights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow,but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world,in short,because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights," he says.
"Certain simple economic activities,such as food gathering and making handicrafts,rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities,such as the mass production of goods,require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive,but it is really property-intensive",Olson observes.
"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits,whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions,the way a dog possesses a bone,but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."
Would-be entrepreneurs,no matter how small,also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact,the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks...,if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us,and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view,but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather,the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights,there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce,invest,and engage in mutually advantageous trade,and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.
According to Olson,what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
选项
A、government intervention
B、lack of secure individual rights
C、being short of capital
D、lack of a free market
答案
B
解析
本题的四个选项中,只有B项正确。这可以从文中的最后一段推出,即Otson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利,也就没有动力去创造财富。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/C02O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Theencouragingfacloristhatthe______majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.
Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.
TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe______thewelfareofhisanimals.
Malariaisaninfectiousparasiticdiseasethatcanbeeitheracuteorchronicandisfrequently______.
Inthe_____chapters,theprofessorhastracedtheredefinitionofBritain’sglobalpositioninrecentdecades.
Itisnotconsidered_____topickone’steethinpublic.
Thispolicygave_____toprivatepropertyandledtodifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor.
The______inoursoapsshouldcomeonlyfromessentialoils,whicharesteamedorpressedfromplants.
Despite_____effortsbythefinanceminister,inflationroseto36points.
ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_____beefenmasse.
随机试题
沟通的首要功能是()
A.医院药学的背景B.医院药学的中心C.医院药学的基础D.医院药学的原则E.医院药学的目的用药有效、安全、经济、合理是
当轮胎式起重机带载行走时,道路必须平坦坚实,载荷必须符合出厂规定,重物离地面不得超过()mm,并应拴好拉绳,缓慢行驶。
对城镇体系规划的类型描述错误的是()。
在()情况下,成交价格与债券的应计利息是分解的。
患者,男,25岁,腹部被人扎伤后有少量肠管脱出,现场处理原则是()。
新民主主义社会是向社会主义转变的过渡性的社会形态,存在着以下几种经济成分
将函数展开成x-2的幂级数,并求出其收敛范围.
TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain,butoneofthemost【C1】______heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladder—evenif
假设(AL)=9BH,执行DAA指令,CPU将自动完成下面哪一种操作?
最新回复
(
0
)