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  3. Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and sto

Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and sto

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问题      Increasingly, the development of tourism is seen to have an effect on the environment. Erosion is one problem. The steps and stones of major popular sites like Shakespeares birthplace or Stonehenge are literally being worn away by millions of foreign feet. The remedy in the case of Britain’ s best known prehistoric monument has been to use railings to keep visitors at a distance. Such measures can hardly be adopted in the house of the Bard, however, where tourists want to enter the actual building.
     Overcrowding in cities, towns and villages is another problem. Traffic jams are an outcome. In narrow roads, tourist vehicles cause congestion. Local traders and residents cannot get around to do their work. Car parks fill up, so strangers park their cars where they can: in streets, across gate ways, in lay-bys, or even in private driveways. This causes obstruction. The sheer weights of incomers can be a hazard. Thus Venice, a city built for half a million inhabitants, is swollen by another half million who populate the city daily in the tourist season eight million visits each year. The mayor recently decided to limit visitors to 90,000 a day: the only way to save the city from inundation.
     Pollution is a further consequence. The’ Lakes are popular for people who enjoy water-sports, such as water-skiing, power boat racing and swimming, but boats pump sewage directly into the water. Facilities can be provided to prevent this happening, but this is costly. There are also problems with litter.
     The threat to wildlife habitats is yet another result. Tourists around the Lakes destroy vegetation. This is harmful to animals which build their nests along the shores, Wildlife refuges have been created which have helped protect these natural sites. On the Greek island of Zakinthos, the breeding beaches of the rare loggerhead turtle are being threatened by tourist disturbance. Local conservationists try to monitor and protect the turtles but they have been attacked by the angry owners of taverns and hotels who make lucrative profits from bars or renting sunbeds and umbrellas. Government compensation payments for the loss of business might be the answer, but this would be costly.
As a result of over-development of tourism, Venice ______.
选项 A、is overcrowded with cars
B、is overloaded
C、is worn away
D、is badly polluted
答案B
解析 根据第二段后半部分的陈述，威尼斯原设计只能承受50万居民，但在旅游季节，来该城观光的每年达800万人次。该市最近规定每天来访人数不得超出9万人，这是惟一可以避免该城下沉的措施。这一事例说明，涌入人员的总重量本身也可能带来危害(第二段第七句)。
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