首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she
admin
2015-06-14
75
问题
I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and she told me the story of the day’s sickest child. Before she sent the child to the emergency room in an ambulance, she told me, she gave her 50 milligrams per kilogram of ceftriaxone, a powerful antibiotic.
"You probably saved her life," I said, and my friend nodded: it was possible. Antibiotics represent a huge gift in the struggle against infant and child mortality, a triumph(or actually, many triumphs)of human ingenuity and science over disease and death, since the antibiotic era began back in the fourth and fifth decades of the 20th century.
But new research is looking at questions about the complex effects of antibiotics on bacteria, on individual children, and on populations building on a greatly increased awareness of how powerful antibiotics can be. and how important it is to use them judiciously.
Over the past 15 years or so, spurred by new realizations and new fears -about the risks of breeding resistant strains of bacteria, pediatricians in the United States have, as a group, cut back dramatically on prescribing antibiotics in situations where they may not be necessary. Parents, as a group, have become less likely to demand them.
"It’s actually been a remarkable change in practice from the mid-’90s on," said Dr. Jonathan Finkelstein, a pediatrician at Boston Children’s Hospital who studies antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, "and we did that by physicians and patients recognizing that antibiotics are quite effective, quite safe, but there’s no such thing as a free lunch, and as with any other medical decision, we have to weigh the risks and benefits of every treatment."
There has been a lot of discussion about whether ear infections should always be treated with antibiotics, or whether in some situations(older child, less ill)"watchful waiting" might be appropriate—but it’s also true that many of us have become much more reluctant to diagnose ear infections in borderline cases.
In a study that Dr. Finkelstein and his colleagues published this year, looking at antibiotic use in children in Massachusetts, the rate at which antibiotics were dispensed to the youngest group(3 to 24 months)had decreased 24 percent by 2008 - 2009 from 2000 - 2001. That drop was largely driven by a declining rate of diagnosis of ear infections.
We always knew there were immediate risks to antibiotics. Children could have allergic reactions. They could get diarrhea. Babies could get unpleasant yeast infections—severe diaper rash, thrush in the mouth. But still, the thinking back when I trained was that after the antibiotics, the body would return to normal.
"When antibiotics were developed, they were miraculous for all the reasons that you know," said Dr. Martin J. Blaser, the chairman of medicine at New York University School of Medicine. "With few exceptions, there was almost no long-term toxicity that was identifiable, and so everybody thought that if you took an antibiotic, it could produce some immediate upset—it could produce a rash, loose bowels—and then everything would return to normal, bounce back to normal. But in fact there was no real exploration of that. It just became an article of faith."
Dr. Blaser has devoted himself to a study of what is now called the microbiome, the bacterial population that lives on us and in us, and the effects of perturbing that population by antibiotic use. He and other researchers are asking questions about whether alterations in the microbiome may be linked to many different patterns of health, growth and disease. It’s an area of investigation that is still new, but changing quickly.
Last summer, Dr.Blaser’s group published a study in The International Journal of Obesity in which they analyzed growth data from a large group of British children: those treated with antibiotics when very young(under 6 months)showed increased weight gain by a year of age, and were 22 percent more likely to be overweight at age 3.
The influence of early antibiotics on the lungs has also been examined. A study in last month’s issue of the journal Pediatrics looked epidemiologically at another large population of children, and found an association between childhood antibiotic treatment and the later development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Every one of these researchers started with an antibiotic pledge of allegiance. "We clearly have to use antibiotics and are lucky to have them around," said Dr. Matthew P. Kronman, lead author on the bowel disease study, who is a specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at the Seattle Children’s Hospital. "It’s just that we are still learning what all of their effects are."
According to what Dr. Jonathan Finkelstein has said in Paragraph Five, we can infer that
选项
A、there isn t any harm or side-effect of using antibiotics.
B、antibiotics help doctors remarkably in practice since the mid-90s.
C、there may be some bad effects of using antibiotics we don’t know.
D、doctors have to point out the risks of using antibiotics in treatment.
答案
C
解析
推断题。由题干定位至第五段。由该段末尾“there’s no such thing as a free lunch”(没有免费的午餐)可知,使用抗生素也不可能只有好处没有坏处.故选[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/C8OO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappea
Cultureshockisapainfulexperiencewegothroughwhenweencountermanynewthingsinanothercountryandwe【1】______insom
Ourtheoriesabouthumandiseasearetheproductofcurrentfashion【M1】______thanwewouldliketoadmit.Butjustasthe
Ourtheoriesabouthumandiseasearetheproductofcurrentfashion【M1】______thanwewouldliketoadmit.Butjustasthe
Ourtheoriesabouthumandiseasearetheproductofcurrentfashion【M1】______thanwewouldliketoadmit.Butjustasthe
Thestandardthree-yearmaster’sdegreeprograminChinawasgreatlychallengedrecently.Expertsholdthattwoyearsisenough
Gulliver’sTravelswaswrittenby______.
ThePilgrim’sProgresswaswrittenby______.
Accordingtolegend,theancientOlympicGameswerefoundedbyHeracles,asonofZeus.YetthefirstOlympicGamesforwhich
Theoppositionsupportersralliedinthecenterofthecapitalto
随机试题
以企业产品商标或服务商标为对象所实施的战略是()
这上面的夜的天空,奇怪而高,我生平没有见过这样的奇怪而高的天空。他仿佛要离开人间而去,使人们仰面不再看见。然而现在却非常之蓝,闪闪地目夹着几十个星星的眼,冷眼。他的口角上现出微笑,似乎自以为大有深意,而将繁霜洒在我的园里的野花草上。这里主要采用了什么修
确定糖苷中糖的连接位置,可采用将糖苷进行
降低退票费是惠民之举,铁路部门的确走出了一大步,但铁路部门不必过分和过早期待公众的欢呼。降低退票费,与公众对铁路部门期待还有很远的差距。公众不会满足于退票费的降低,他们希望的是垄断部门能够狠下心来废除一切貌似合理的收费。当这种诉求不再成为奢望,人们自然会热
按照服务内容的不同,物流服务项目可分为()。
某业主与某施工单位签订了施工总承包合同,该工程采用边设计边施工的方式进行,合同的部分条款如下:××工程施工合同书(节选)一、协议书(一)工程概况
五笔字型输入法属于()。
2006年实际建设占用耕地占当年实际减少耕地的比重是()。全年总用水量占全年水资源总量的比重是()。
单击命令按钮时,下列的执行结果为 PrivateSubCommand1_Click() DimxAsInteger,yAsInteger x=86:y=29 CallProc(x,y) Printx;y End
要使标签中的文本靠右显示,应将其Aligment属性设置为
最新回复
(
0
)