首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model:
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model:
admin
2014-06-13
78
问题
We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.
I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of grammar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.
This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others’ "theories" or patterns of behavior and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested"; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.
Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don’t have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.
We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.
If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailment, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.
It is implied in the passage that a relativistic view of ethnics______.
选项
A、can only be acquired after real life lessons
B、often generate unacceptable consequences
C、is more mature and rational
D、is too abstract to be of any practical value
答案
C
解析
这是一道推论题。文章第三段指出:就我看来,对道德问题的探索是这样进行的,我们从家长、老师和整个社会那里学习道德规范;长大后,我们开始接触不同的道德观,这些观念可能促使我们重新评估我们已有的信念;我们能从教训中了解到,某些行为产生了不为人接受的后果:或者,我们思考自己或其他人的“理论”或行为模式,看看它们是否一致:我们按自己认为正确的方式行事,权衡这些行为在我们和他人身上产生的后果;在时间的考验过程中。我们纠正自己的错误。由此可知,道德规范的相对论观点比较理性,比较可靠。C“更成熟、更理性”,与文章的意思符合。文中没有提到A和D; 与B有关的信息是该段的第8句话,文中是说“我们能从教训中了解到,某些行为产生了不为人接受的后果”,说明B不对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/C9K4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inthelate1960’s,manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskysc
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Writeanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly;2)e
GenerationY—thegroupofAmericanscurrentlyintheirlateteenstoearly30s—getscalledalotofnames.Personalfinanceadvi
Attemptstounderstandtherelationshipbetweensocialbehaviorandhealthhavetheirorigininhistory.Dubos(1969)suggested
Attemptstounderstandtherelationshipbetweensocialbehaviorandhealthhavetheirorigininhistory.Dubos(1969)suggested
Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:
Americanhighereducationstandsonthebrink(边缘)ofchaos.1havesomanyspentsolonglearningsolittle.Thepresentcri
AccordingtoGregoryLuzaich.thedisadvantageofmodestdrinkingis______.Mr.Luzaich’sattitudetotheautomaticsealingis_
随机试题
足月女婴,母乳喂养,吸吮好,哺后安睡,生后4天体重下降7%,查体反应好,面色红润,心肺(-),此婴可能的原因是
社会主义法治理念的主要内容
不开口于中鼻道的鼻窦是
税收强制执行措施的内容包括()。
客户的信贷需求包含三种形态,其中不包括()。
以下各指标都可用于衡量商业银行的流动性,其中数值越高说明商业银行流动性越差的是()。
由于进城打工妹一般文化水平较低、劳动技能较差,且没有城市的户籍身份,也没有广泛的社会支持网络,所以打工妹是城市中的一个特殊弱势人群,需要社会工作专业予以特别的关注和帮助。社会工作者为进城打工妹提供的服务主要包括()。
所谓声誉,实际上是企业利益相关者对企业过去在市场交易中的表现的评价。声誉良好的企业,意味着在与利益相关者交易的历史中,扮演着可以信赖的伙伴角色。个人或者组织选择自己的交易对象,______________。因此,那些有着良好信用记录的企业,将更多地获得利益
设X1,X2,…,Xn(n>1)是取自总体X的一个简单随机样本,.在下列四种情况下,分别求.X服从N(μ,σ2).
Britishcancerresearchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrial
最新回复
(
0
)