2. 外语
  3. Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the deg

Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the deg

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问题 Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure "independence," "options," and other indicators of the degree to which the expression of women’s individuality was either permitted or suppressed. Influenced by Western individualism, these historians define a peculiar form of personhood: an innately bounded unit, autonomous and standing apart from both nature and society. An anthropologist, however, would contend that a person can be conceived in ways other than as an "individual." In many societies a person’s identity is not intrinsically unique and self-contained but instead is defined within a complex web of social relationships.
In her study of the fifteenth-century Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a historian who specializes in European women of the Renaissance attributes individual intention and authorship of actions to her subject. This historian assumes that Alessandra had goals and interests different from those of her sons, yet much of the historian’s own research reveals that Alessandra acted primarily as a champion of her sons’ interests, taking their goals as her own. Thus Alessandra conforms more closely to the anthropologist’s notion that personal motivation is embedded in a social context. Indeed, one could argue that Alessandra did not distinguish her personhood from that of her sons. In Renaissance Europe the boundaries of the conceptual self were not always firm and closed and did not necessarily coincide with the boundaries of the bodily self.
In the first paragraph, the author of the passage mentions a contention that would be made by an anthropologist most likely in order to
选项 A、present a theory that will be undermined in the discussion of a historian’s study later in the passage
B、offer a perspective on the concept of personhood that can usefully be applied to the study of women in Renaissance Europe
C、undermine the view that the individuality of European women of the Renaissance was largely suppressed
D、argue that anthropologists have applied the Western concept of individualism in their research
E、lay the groundwork for the conclusion that Alessandra’s is a unique case among European women of the Renaissance whose lives have been studied by historians
答案B
解析 Evaluation
The passage asserts that an anthropologist would contend that "a person can be conceived in ways other than as an ’individual.’"Immediately preceding this assertion, the passage asserts that certain historians think of a person as "ar innately bounded unit, autonomous and standing apart from both nature and society."The passage invokes anthropology to support the view that perhaps the findings of those historians regarding individualism among women in Renaissance Europe are biased.
A Anthropology is invoked to provide a corrective to the findings of the historians mentioned—not to provide a critique of any anthropological theory.
B Correct. The passage makes the case that the anthropological view may be more useful than the historian’s in the study of women in Renaissance Europe.
C The passage cites no claim by historians that individuality of women in Renaissance Europe was largely suppressed, and the passage presents no argument to critique or refute such a claim.
D The passage makes no such claim about anthropologists, but does make a similar claim about certain historians.
E The passage does not state or imply that Strozzi was atypical of women in Renaissance Europe that historians have studied, nor is the anthropological conception of personhood invoked to underpin any such view.
The correct answer is B.
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