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  3. 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取 ——2010年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members

基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取 ——2010年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members

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问题 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取
——2010年英译汉及详解
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.
Some species of tree have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
【F4】
选项
答案在生态林业较为发达的欧洲，人们认为那些非经济树种是当地森林群落的组成部分，因而理应受到保护。
解析 本句考查的重点是：主动语态和被动语态的转换。 本句的主干是the non—commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forestcommunity，这里的“are recognized”是被动语态，处理被动语态时候注意翻译技巧中主被动的转化。本句的开头是where引导的定语从句，to be preserved用来修饰non-commercial tree species。within reason的意思是“合情合理，在情理之中”。
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