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  3. New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the l

admin2013-06-05  58
问题                 New Changes in Academic Journel Publishing
    It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2000 publishers world-wide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging: three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
Which of the following best summarizes the text?
选项 A、The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
B、A new model of publication is emerging.
C、Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
D、Publication is rendered easier by online service.
答案B
解析 主旨大意题。本题要求概括文章主旨，考查考生对整篇文章的理解。纵观全文，文章大部分笔墨用在对新的出版模式的叙述上，阐述了出版模式的变化并分析了新的出版模式，即网络出版及其发展前景。而选项中只有B强调了新的出版模式，符合文章主旨。A“因特网对出版商构成了威胁”只是文中的细节，不能作为文章的主旨。C“作者欢迎新的出版渠道”在文中没有提及。文中强调的是网络出版使获得信息更便捷，而不是使出版更容易，故排除D“网络服务使出版更容易”。
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